THE FIGHT AGAINST ORGANIZED CRIME IN POST-SOVIET UKRAINE: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, HISTORY, RESULTS (the 1990s)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.32.311502Keywords:
transnational crime, organized crime, fight against crime, war, martial law, criminological policy.Abstract
The purpose of the article is to study the concept and manifestation of organized crime in Ukraine in the 1990s. The Research Methodology. General scientific and special methods have been applied, in particular owing to the historical legal method, the conceptual basis of “organized crime” has been elucidated, its historiographical characteristics have been presented, legislation has been analysed; applied systemic structural and formal logical methods made it possible to analyse the socio-political prerequisites that influenced emergence and actualization of organized crime during the 1990s, and also identified the peculiarities of organized criminal groups. The Scientific Novelty. Organized crime is one of the most dangerous illegal acts. Understanding the peculiarities of Ukrainian organized crime in a broader theoretical context is important for the development of qualitative criminological science. Therefore, under the conditions of Russia's war against Ukraine, the level of crime is increasing, and therefore a theoretical and practical retrospective study of organized crime during the 1990s is important.
The Conclusions. On the basis of materials systematization of Ukrainian and foreign historiography, a normative and legal framework of Ukraine, a comprehensive description of the process of combating organized crime in the 1990s has been presented. The concept of organized crime, transnational organized crime has been conceptualized. Organized crime and corruption were among the most threatening problems for the Ukrainian statehood in the 1990s. After all, after gaining independence, Ukraine was at the transitional stage of establishing the institutions of a democratic system. It has been determined that the post-Soviet organization in Ukraine is a continuation of the Soviet system, however, the Ukrainian crime is characterized by the primacy of a certain organization in a specific territory. Analyzing the legal acts of the 1990s, we can conclude that the activities of special police units in the fight against organized crime were regulated by a large number of legal acts, but specific law-making activities required a more systematic approach.
References
Arkusha, L. (2010). Lehalizatsiia (vidmyvannia) dokhodiv, oderzhanykh u rezultati orhanizovanoi zlochynnoi diialnosti: kharakterystyka, vyiavlennia, rozsliduvannia: monohrafiia [Legalization (laundering) of income obtained as a result of organized criminal activity: characteristics, detection, investigation: monograph]. Odesa: Yurydychna literatura. [in Ukrainian]
Armao, F. (2003). Why is Organized Crime so Successful? In: Allum F., Siebert R. (eds.) Organized Crime and the Challenge to Democracy, (pp. 27–38). London: Routledge. [in English]
Busol, O. (2010). Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy ta zarubizhnykh krain shchodo protydii koruptsii. Mizhnarodnyi dosvid borotby z koruptsiieiu: monohrafiia [Legislation of Ukraine and foreign countries on anti-corruption. International experience of combating corruption: monograph]. Kirovohrad: TOV “Polihraf-Cervis”. [in Ukrainian]
Busol, O. (2012). Rol orhaniv vnutrishnikh sprav ta inshykh derzhavnykh instytutsii Ukrainy v borotbi z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu: istorychnyi aspect [The role of internal affairs bodies and other state institutions of Ukraine in the fight against organized crime: a historical aspect]. Borotba z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu (teoriia i praktyka): naukovo-praktychnyi zhurnal, 1(27), pp. 158–169. [in Ukrainian]
Busol, Yu. (2019). Orhanizovana zlochynnist v Ukraini: stan i problemy realizatsii derzhavnoi polityky u sferi protydii tsomu yavyshchu [Organized Crime in Ukraine: Status and Problems of Implementing State Policy in the Sphere of Countering this Phenomenon]. Yurydychnyi chasopys Natsionalnoi akademii vnutrishnikh sprav – Legal Journal of the National Academy of Internal Affairs, 2(18), 60–71. [in Ukrainian]
Chaplynskyi, K. (2004). Orhanizatsiia i taktyka slidchykh dii pry rozsliduvanni zlochyniv, vchynenykh orhanizovanymy zlochynnymy hrupamy: monohrafiia [Organization and tactics of investigative actions in the investigation of crimes committed by organized criminal groups: monograph]. Dnipropetrovsk. [in Ukrainian]
Dremin V. (2010). Instytutsionalna teoriia zlochynnosti ta kryminalizatsii suspilstva. Avtoreferat na na zdobuttia naukovoho stupenia doktora yurydychnykh nauk za spetsialnistiu – kryminalne pravo ta kryminolohiia; kryminalno-vykonavche pravo [Institutional theory of crime and society criminalization. – Manuscript. Thesis to obtain the Doctor of Law degree on the specialty Criminal Law and Criminology, Criminal Procedure Law]. Odesa: Odeska natsionalna yurydychna akademiia. [in Ukrainian]
Dremin, V. (2010a). Instytutsionalnyi krizis i kriminalizatsyia vlasti v tranzitivnom obshchestve: polytyko-krymynolohycheskyi analyz [Institutional crisis and criminalization the authorities in the transitive society: political and criminological analysis.]. Naukovi pratsi Natsionalnoho universytetu Odeska yurydychna akademiia – Scientific works of the National University of Odesa Law Academy, 9, 105–120. [in Russian]
Dremin, V. (2010b). Prestupnost kak sotsyalnaia praktika: institutsionalnaia teoryia krimynalizatsiy obshchestva: monohrafyia [Crime as social practice: institutional theory of criminalization of society: monograph]. Odessa: Yuridicheskaia literatura. [in Russian]
Dulskyi, O. (1999). Borotba z orhanizovanymy zlochynnymy uhrupuvanniamy, likvidatsiia yikh lideriv ta kryminalnykh avtorytetiv − stratehichnyi napriam ORD spetspidrozdiliv BOZ MVS Ukrainy [The fight against organized criminal groups, elimination of their leaders and criminal authorities is the strategic direction of the ORD of special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine]. Visnyk Lvivskoho instytutu vnutrishnikh sprav – Bulletin of the Lviv Institute of Internal Affairs, 2(10), 59–65. [in Ukrainian]
Dzhuzha, O. (2007). Orhanizovana zlochynnist v Ukraini ta krainakh Yevropy: posibnyk [Organized crime in Ukraine and European countries: a guide]. Kyiv: Kyivskyi natsionalnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav. [in Ukrainian]
Fijnaut C. J. & Paoli, L. (2006). Organised crime and its control policies. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 14(3), 307–327. [in English]
Fijnaut, C. & Paoli, L. (Eds.) (2004). Organised Crime in Europe Concepts, Patterns and Control Policies in the European Union and Beyond. Dordrecht: Springer. [in English]
Ilnytskyi, V. & Haliv, M. (2022). Theoretical Argumentation in the Historical Narrative of Ukraine of the Second Half of the 19th – First Half of the 20th century (on the Example of Research in the History of Education). Eminak, 3 (39), 66–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33782/eminak2022.3(39).591
Konopelskyi, V. (2023). Poniattia orhanizovanoi zlochynnosti ta yii zapobihannia [The concept of organized crime and prevention]. Pivdennoukrainskyi pravnychyi chasopys – South Ukrainian Legal Journal, 3, 47–52. [in Ukrainian]
Kryminalnyi Kodeks Ukrainy. (2001). Kryminalnyi Kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal codex of Ukraine. (2001). Information of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukrain]. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy, 25–26, 131. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text [in Ukrainian]
Kupatadze, A. (2012). Organized Crime, Political Transitions and State Formation in Post-Soviet Eurasia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. [in English]
Kuzio, T. (2014). Crime, politics and business in 1990s Ukraine. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 47, 195–210. [in English]
Kuzio, T. (2015). Ukraine: democratization, corruption, and the new Russian imperialism. Santa Barbara, Denver: Praeger. [in English]
Lampe, K. V. (2014). Transnational Organized Crime in Europe. Transnational organized crime: an overview from Six Continent, six continents / edited by J. S. Albanese, P. L. Reichel. Los Angeles, (pp. 75–92). London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC: Sage. [in English]
Melnychyk, T. (2023). Organized Crime as Institutional Cluster. Transition from Traditional to Informational Model in Ukraine. Switzerland: Springer. [in English]
Paoli, L. (2002). The paradoxes of organized crime. Crime, law and social change: an international journal, 37(1), 51–97. [in English]
Popko, S. (2019). Rol Orhanizatsii Obiednanykh Natsii u formuvanni transnatsionalnoho kryminalnoho prava [Role of the United Nations in the establishment of transnational criminal law]. Publichne pravo, 2 (139), 75–86. [in Ukrainian]
Rozum, S. (2018). Istoryko-pravovi zasady formuvannia normatyvno-pravovoi bazy pidrozdiliv MVS Ukrainy po borotbi z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu i koruptsiieiu [Historical and legal bases for formation of normative legal basis of division of the MIA of Ukraine to combat organized crime and corruption]. Vcheni zapysky TNU imeni V. I. Vernadskoho. Seriia: yurydychni nauky – Academic notes of TNU named after V. I. Vernadskyi. Series: legal sciences, 29 (68), 12–17. [in Ukrainian]
Shamara, O. & Komashko, V. (2021). Reformuvannia systemy orhaniv borotby z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu: problemy zakonodavchoho vrehuliuvannia, cherez pryzmu Yevroatlantychnoi intehratsii Ukrainy [Reforming the system of bodies fighting organized crime: problems of legislative regulation, through the prism of the Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine]. Materialy naukovo-praktychnoho seminaru Protydiia orhanizovanii zlochynnosti: problemy teorii ta praktyky, m. Dnipro, 3 hrud. 2021 r., (pp. 45–54). Dnipro: Dnipropetrovskyi derzhavnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav. [in Ukrainian]
Shamara, O. (2024). Orhanizatsiino-pravovi osnovy borotby z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu v Ukraini: problemy zakonodavchoho vrehuliuvannia [Organizational and legal foundations of the fight against organized crime in Ukraine: problems of legislative regulation]. Informatsiia i pravo – Information and Law, 2(49), 151–163. [in Ukrainian]
Shelley, L. (1994). Post-Soviet Organized Crime and the Rule of Law. J. Marshall L. Rev, 28, 827–845. [in English]
Shelley, L. (1998). Organized crime and corruption in Ukraine: impediments to the development of a free market economy. Demokratizatsiya – Democratization, 6 (4), 648–663. [in English]
Shelley, L. (1999). Russia and Ukraine: Transition or tragedy? Trends in Organized Crime, 4(3), 81–107. [in English]
Shelley, L. (2005). Policing Soviet society: The evolution of state control. Routledge. [in English]
Skulysh, Ye. & Hlushkov, V. (2012). Poniattia transnatsionalnoi orhanizovanoi zlochynnosti ta yii spivvidnoshennia z teroryzmom [The concept of transnational organized crime and its relationship with terrorism]. Law and Society, 2, 190–194. [in Ukrainian]
Solomon Jr., P. H., & Foglesong, T. S. (2000). The two faces of crime in post-Soviet Ukraine. East European Constitutional Review, 9, 72–76. [in English]
Sylistyo, I., Wiranata, I. J. & Lestari, S. I. (2021). A Review Towards Theories, Concepts, Methods in International Relations, and Related International Legal Instruments for Conducting Research on Transnational Organized Crime. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 628, 43–51. [in English]
Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy. (1994). Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy “Pro nevidkladni zakhody shchodo posylennia borotby zi zlochynnistiu” [Decree of the President of Ukraine “On urgent measures to strengthen the fight against crime”] vid 21 chervnia 1994 r. №396/94. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/396/94#Text [in Ukrainian]
Upravlinnia OON. (2012). Upravlinnia OON z narkotykiv ta zlochynnosti [United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]. URL: https://vienna.mfa.gov.ua/ustanovi-oon-u-vidni/2722-unz-oon [in Ukrainian]
Vasylevych, V. (2020). Kryminolohichna polityka Ukrainy: monohrafiia [Criminological policy of Ukraine: monograph]. Kyiv: Natsionalna akademiia vnutrishnikh sprav. [in Ukrainian]
Yepryntsev, P. (2022). Heneza stanovlennia ta rozvytku zlochynnykh spilnot v Ukraini [Genesis of formation and development of crirminal communities in Ukraine]. Yurydychnyi naukovyi elektronnyi zhurnal – Legal scientific electronic journal, 2, 194–197. [in Ukrainian]
Yepryntsev, P. (2023). Teoriia ta praktyka zapobihannia orhanizovanii zlochynnosti v Ukraini [Theory and Practice of Preventing Organized Crime inUkraine. Qualifying scientific work on manuscript rights]. (The dissertation for the Doctor of Legal Sciences degree). Kropyvnytskyi: Donetskyi derzhavnyi universytet vnutrishnikh sprav. [in Ukrainian]
Zakon Ukrainy. (2003). Zakon Ukrainy “Pro orhanizatsiino-pravovi osnovy borotby z orhanizovanoiu zlochynnistiu. Iz zminamy i dopovnenniamy, vnesenymy Zakonamy Ukrainy” [The Law of Ukraine “On organizational and legal foundations of combating organized crime. With changes and additions introduced by the Laws of Ukraine”] vid 15 travnia 2003 r. N 762-IV. URL: https://www.spfu.gov.ua/ua/documents/3868.html?fbclid=IwY2xjawEVxSdleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHQlPFX7L_Y0TFIs850937KoQEeFMq9T2flFAC7Zd2clk3CDTZinBfQh38Q_aem_DBWi0BzWRvgBG7igcFL8cQ [in Ukrainian]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
