DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN UNITS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONALISTS IN 1948 – 1951
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.31.306358Keywords:
foreign units of the OUN, field organization, SUM, ABN, public organization, printed mass media, underground radio stationAbstract
The purpose of the study is to elucidate the development of foreign units network of the Organization of Ukrainian nationalists in 1948 – 1951, the legal public organizations established by the Ukrainian nationalists, and the network of mass media. The research methodology is based on the application of the principles of historicism, objectivity, and scientificity, using concrete historical, comparative historical, problem chronological, and structural systemic methods. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time, on the basis of previously unavailable documents from the OUN archives, there has been elucidated the organizational structure development of the foreign units of the OUN and the system of public organizations and mass media networks established by them in emigration during the specified chronological period. Conclusions. It has been determined that the process of mass resettlement of the Ukrainians with the status of relocated people within Europe and other countries overseas had a significant impact on the organizational development of foreign units of the OUN in 1948 – 1951. As a result, field organizations in Germany and Austria lost a significant number of members and ceased to be basic. After the resettlement of the former participants of Division 1 of the United National Army from Italy, the field organization of Great Britain became basic in Europe. At the same time, the process of resettlement made it possible to develop the Foreign Units of the OUN in the USA, Canada, Argentina, and Australia, which practically had not existed there before 1948. As tools of an external activity, the Foreign Units of the OUN also developed a wide system of legal public organizations, a network of printed mass media, organized their own underground radio station, and after its closure, the Ukrainian department as part of the Spanish radio station. This allowed them to effectively increase their public influence and spread the ideas of national liberation among the Ukrainian emigration and foreign citizens in the countries of settlement.
References
Arkhivna zbirka OUN v m. Niu-Yorku [Archival collection of the OUN in New York – ACOUN].
a) Bilyk O. – Skyba – do Orgreferenta Provodu ZCH OUN. 8 travnia 1952 [Bilyk O. – Skyba – to the Orgreferent of the Provid of the FP OUN. May 8, 1952]. 2 p. [in Ukrainian]
b) Zahalnyi zvit z pratsi Terenovoho Provodu OUN ta pidlehlykh yomu klityn v Nimechchyni za 1951 r. [General report on the work of the OUN Field Provid and its subordinate cells in Germany for 1951]. 5 p. [in Ukrainian]
c) Zvit z diialnosty Holovnoi Upravy LVU za chas vid 25.12.50. do 22.12.51 [Report on the activities of the Main Administration of LLU from 25.12.50 to 22.12.51]. 4 p. [in Ukrainian]
d) Zvit OR za chas vid 48 r. do 31.3.1951 r. [Report of the OR for the period from 1948 to 31.3.1951]. 4 p. [in Ukrainian]
e) Zvit orhanizatsiinoho referenta TPA za chas vid 1.4. po 31.10.1951 [Report of the TPA organizational referent for the period from 1.4. to 31.10.1951]. 18 p. [in Ukrainian]
f) Informatsiia pro diialnist Zakordonnykh Chastyn OUN [Information on the activities of the Foreign Parts of the OUN]. 9 p. [in Ukrainian]
g) Informatsiia pro vidnosyny v Argentyni (predstavlena d. Karym) [Information on relations in Argentina (presented by friend Karim)]. 8 p. [in Ukrainian]
h) Komunikat [Communication]. 2 p. [in Ukrainian]
i) Korotkyi ohliad pratsi za ostannie pivrichchia [Brief review of work for the last six months]. 3 p. [in Ukrainian]
j) Kuscchavyi – Vymozi. 20.12.51 [Kuschavy to Vymoha]. 1 p. [in Ukrainian]
k) Maksym. Zahalnyi zvit za chas vid 1 sichnia – 31 hrudnia 1951 [Maxim. General report for the period from January 1 to December 31, 1951]. 6 p. [in Ukrainian]
l) TPF. Orhanizatsiinyi zvit za chas vid 1.1.1951 r. [TPF. Organizational report for the period from 1.1. until 12/31/1951]. 2 p. [in Ukrainian]
m) Uprava Kooperatyvy. Kooperatyvnyi zvit za 1951 r. [Board of the TPA Cooperative. Cooperative report for 1951]. 9 p. [in Ukrainian]
n) Yava. Zvit za period vid 1.1.50 do 30.12.50 [Java. Report for the period from 1.1.50 to 30.12.50]. 4 p. [in Ukrainian]
Akymenko, K. V. (2018). Istoriia stvorennia svitovoi koordynatsiinoi rady ideolohichno sporidnenykh organizatsii [The History of the Creation of the World Coordination Council of Ideologically Related Organizations]. Storinky istorii, 47, 52–60. DOI: 10.20535/2307-5244.47.2019.158270 [in Ukrainian]
Akymenko, K. V. (2022). Komemoratyvni praktyky natsionalistychnykh organizatsii ukrainskoi diaspory (1950-ti – pochatku 1990-kh rr.) [Commemorative Practices of Nationalist Organizations of the Ukrainian Diaspora (1950s – early 1990s)]. Storinky istorii, 54, 294–313. DOI: 10.20535/2307-5244.54.2022.264597 [in Ukrainian]
Antoniuk, Ya., & Trofymovych, V. (2021). Protyborstvo spetssluzhb zakordonnykh tsentriv OUN iz KDB (1960-ti – pochatok 1990-kh rr.) [The Struggle of the Special Services of the Foreign Centers of the OUN Against the KGB (1960s - early 1990s)]. Ukrainskyi Istorychnyi Zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 3, 114–125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2021.03.114 [in Ukrainian]
Dvi radiovysylni. (1950). Dvi radiovysylni [Two radio towers]. Surma, 26, 9. [in Ukrainian]
Hai-Nyzhnyk, P. (2022). The OUN(R-B) in the 1970s and 1980s: a vision of the socio-political system of the Ukrainian State. Skhidnoievropeyskyi istorychnyi visnyk, 22, 178-193. Doi: 10.24919/2519-058X.22.253727 [in English]
Ilnytskyi, V., & Haliv, M. (2019). The struggle of soviet repressive and punitive organs against former romanian intelligence and counterintelligence structures in Ukraine (1944 – 1951). Analele Universităii din Craiova. Istorie – Annals of the University of Craiova. History, XXIV, 2 (36), 103–118. [in English]
Ilnytskyi, V., & Haliv, M. (2020). Structure and activities of romanian intelligence and counterintelligence bodies in Transnistria (1941 – 1944) (based on SSA SSU). Analele Universităii din Craiova. Istorie – Annals of the University of Craiova. History, XXV, 1 (37), 107–124. [in English]
Ilnytskyi, V., Telvak, V. (2018). Operative investigations of the participants of Ukrainian libe-ration movement in romanian people’s republic (1955 – 1957) by the soviet repressive bodies. Analele Universităii din Craiova. Istorie – Annals of the University of Craiova. History, XXІІI, 2 (34), 97–108. [in English]
Kaminskyi, A. (1999). Vasyl Okhrymovych. Biografichnyi narys. Z peredmovoiu Myroslava Prokopa [Vasyl Okhrymovych. Biographical essays. With a foreword by Myroslav Prokop]. Toronto – Niu-York – London: Vydannia politychnoi rady Organizatsii Ukrainskykh Natsionalistiv za kordonom (PR OUNz) i Seredovyshcha UHVR. [in Ukrainian]
Kentii, A. (1999). Narys borotby OUN–UPA v Ukraini (1946 – 1956 rr.) [Essay of the OUN-UPA struggle in Ukraine (1946 – 1956)]. Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy. [in Ukrainian]
Koval, O. (2016). Spomyny moho zhyttia: Lviv – Aushvits – Brussel… [Memories of My Life: Lviv – Auschwitz – Brussels...]. Comps. Mykola Posivnych. Lviv: Halytska vydavnycha spilka. [in Ukrainian]
Kuk, V. (1999). Do istorii konfliktu mizh ZCH OUN I ZP UHVR [To the History of the Conflict Between the FP OUN and the FRO UHLS]. Volia i Batkivshchyna, 1, 80–85. [in Ukrainian]
Kyrychuk, Yu. (2023). Ukrainskyi natsionalnyi rukh 40–50-kh rokiv XX stolittia: ideolohiia ta praktyka [The Ukrainian national movement of the 40s and 50s of the 20th century: ideology and practice]. Lviv, Dobra sprava. [in Ukrainian]
Mudryk-Mechnyk, S. (1995). Zakordonni Chastyny Organizatsii Ukrainskykh Natsionalistiv (prychynky do istorii) [Foreign Parts of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (contributions to history)]. Lviv: “Halytska vydavnycha spilka”. [in Ukrainian]
OUN i UPA. (2005). Orhanizatsiia Ukrainskykh Natsionalistiv i Ukrainska Povstanska Armiia. Istorychni narysy [Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Historical Essays], ed. S. Kulchytskyi. Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy. [in Ukrainian]
Panchenko, O. (2003). Orhanizatsiia Ukrainskykh Natsionalistiv za kordonom v konteksti ukrainskoho derzhavotvorennia [Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists abroad in the context of Ukrainian statehood]. Hadiach: Vydavnytstvo “Hadiach”. [in Ukrainian]
Patryliak, I. (2012). “Vstan i borys! Slukhai i vir...”: ukrainske natsionalistychne pidpillia ta povstanskyi rukh (1939 – 1960 rr.) [“Get up and Fight! Listen and Believe...”: the Ukrainian Nationalist Underground and the Insurgent Movement (1939 – 1960)]. Lviv: Chasopys. [in Ukrainian]
Rii, H. (2021). Narys istorii Antybolshevytskoho bloku narodiv [Essay on the history of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Peoples]. Kyiv: UVS. [in Ukrainian]
Rusnachenko, A. (2002). Narod zburenyi: Natsionalno-vyzvolnyi rukh v Ukraini i natsionalni rukhy oporu v Bilorusii, Lytvi, Latvii, Estonii u 1940 – 50-kh rokakh [The People are Outraged: The National Liberation Movement in Ukraine and the National Resistance Movement in Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia in the 1940s and 1950s.]. Kyiv: Universytetske vydavnytstvo “Pulsary”. [in Ukrainian]
Slobodianiuk, M. (2023). Ukrainski y rosiiski naratyvy istorii OUN ta UPA. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 6, 235–252. DOI: 10.15407/uhj2023.06.235 [in Ukrainian]
Sych, O. (2007). Stepan Lenkavskyi v istorii Orhanizatsii Ukrainskykh Natsionalistiv (1929 – 1977 rr.) [Stepan Lenkavskyi in the history of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (1929 – 1977)]. (Candidat’s thesis). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]
Sych, O. (2017). Organizatsiina struktura zakordonnykh chastyn OUN na pochatku yii stanovlennia v 1946 rotsi [The Organizational Structure of the Foreign Units of the OUN at the Beginning of its Formation in 1946]. Ukraina: kulturna spadshchyna, natsionalna svidomist, derzhavnist. Vyp. 30. Ukrainskyi vyzvolnyi rukh XX stolittia, (pp. 266–279). Lviv: NAN Ukrainy, Instytut ukrainoznavstva im. I. Krypiakevycha. [in Ukrainian]
Troshchynskyi, V. P. (1994). Mizhvoienna ukrainska emigratsiia v Yevropi yak istorychne i sotsialno-politychne yavyshche [Interwar Ukrainian emigration in Europe as a historical and socio-political phenomenon]. Kyiv: Intel, 1994. 260 p.
Ukhach, V. Z. (2021). Ukrainskyi vyzvolnyi rukh yak napriam naukovykh studii 1987 – 1997 rr. Istoriografichnyi dyskurs [The Ukrainian liberation movement as a direction of scientific studies 1987 – 1997. Historiographic discourse]. Storinky istorii, 51, 205–217. DOI: 10.20535/2307-5244.51.2020.220186 [in Ukrainian]
Viedienieiev, D., & Bystrukhin, H. (2006). Mech i tryzub. Rozvidka i kontrrozvidka rukhu ukrainskykh natsionalistiv (1920 – 1945) [Sword and Trident. Intelligence and Counterintelligence of the Movement of Ukrainian Nationalists (1920 – 1945)]. Kyiv: “Geneza”. [in Ukrainian]
Viedienieiev, D., & Bystrukhin, H. (2007). Dvobii bez kompromisiv. Protyborstvo spetspidrozdiliv OUN ta radianskykh syl spetsoperatsii. 1945 – 1980-ti roky [Duel Without Compromises. The Struggle of the Special Units of the OUN and the Soviet Special Operations Forces. 1945 – 1980s]. Kyiv: K.I.S. [in Ukrainian]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
