EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE RURAL POPULATION OF EASTERN GALICIA IN JULY – SEPTEMBER OF 1914 (ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE UKRAINIAN-LANGUAGE PRESS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.25.269615Keywords:
World War I, Eastern Galicia, rural population, everyday life, the Ukrainian-language periodicals.Abstract
The purpose of the article is to analyze an everyday life of the rural population of Eastern Galicia at the initial stage of World War I based on the materials of the Ukrainian-language press (July – September of 1914). The Research Methodology. The article has been written according to the problem-chronological method, which made it possible to elucidate the core aspects of the issue under analysis in development, logical sequence and interconnection. The analysis of the research material is based on historicism, scientific objectivity and systematicity, which involves the knowledge of historical phenomena taking into account a concrete historical approach, the use of reliable facts, the study of events as interconnected and interdependent parts of large socio-political systems and subsystems in the entire complex of their peculiarities and manifestations. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that, on the basis of the Ukrainian-language press analysis, there has been done a comprehensive special research of Eastern Galicia rural population daily life under the conditions of the initial stage of World War I, as an important factor that influenced the Ukrainian national identity formation significantly. The Conclusion. It should be said that the beginning of the summer of 1914 was met with joyful expectations of a rich harvest by the rural population of Eastern Galicia, which was supposed to improve their material situation. Some pieces of news about the probable beginning of great European war upset the public mood from time to time, but the majority of farmers continued to live by preparing for the harvest. At the beginning of August of 1914, after the announcement of general mobilization and the introduction of martial law, the mood of the rural population changed radically. At the same time during the harvest, people began to make caches of household items and grain in the gardens just in case of war, and some families began to get ready for leaving their homes. Despite the efforts of the Austrian authorities and the Greek Catholic clergy to calm the rural population, people continued to prepare for the worst. It should be noted that life experience did not let the Galician farmers down, because at the end of September of 1914, they had to live under the conditions of the Russian occupation.
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