UKRAINIAN-POLISH INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE BORDER AREAS (THE END OF THE 20TH – THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.23.258987Abstract
Integrative processes of the 21st century resulted in a new configuration of international relations in the eastern borders of the European Union. It was particularly evident in the Ukrainian-Polish border defined by the boundary that was established after the World War II. The purpose of this article is scientific interpretation of active forms of the Ukrainian-Polish intercultural communication, induced by religious, denominational, and commemorative factors, as well as an analysis of a phenomenon of cross-border coexistence amidst the processes of Eurointegration at the end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century. The research methodology covers a wide spectrum of interdisciplinary scientific approaches developed by ethnology and cultural anthropology. Scientific apprehension of the Ukrainian-Polish relations in the categories Ours – Alien – Other based on the typology of memory studies – individual-communicative-cultural – made it possible to trace the nature of self-identification of residents in the Ukrainian-Polish border areas and measure the influence of religious and memorial factors on the Ukrainian-Polish intercultural borderline communication on the verge of centuries in the most effective way. The scientific novelty of this article consists in spotting typical mechanisms of intercultural and state-to-state Ukrainian-Polish interaction, definition of the role of historical stereotypes as consolidative power for the preservation (or failure to do it) of common historical heritage and building the Ukrainian-Polish relations in accordance with the traditions of European value landmarks. The Conclusions. The present-day Ukrainian-Polish border is a reflection of a socio-cultural phenomenon based on shared historical experience, collective memory, and negative/positive stereotypes. The conflict potential of the Ukrainian and Polish social relations took the form of disputes regarding the Greek-Catholic Cathedral in Przemyśl and the Cemetery of the Defenders of Lviv resulted from the Soviet suppression of historical memory, cultivation of negative stereotypes, and immaturity of elites. The positive aspect manifested through institutional activities aimed at preservation of cultural heritage by the means of Ukrainian and Polish publishing, exhibition and restoration projects, as well as intercultural discourse.
Key words: the Ukrainians, the Poles, border areas, ours–alien–other, Przemyśl, Lviv, cultural heritage, historical memory.
References
Arkhiv Instytutu narodoznavstva Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy [Archive of The Ethnology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – AEINASU]
Assmann, J. (2015). Pamięć kulturowa. Pismo, zapamiętywanie i polityczna tożsamość w cywilizacjach starożytnych [Cultural Memory. Writing, Remembering and Political Identity in Ancient Civilizations]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 362 p. [in Polish]
Baron, R. (2013). Ambasadorowie wzajemnego zrozumienia. Niedocenieni twórcy pomostów między polską i czeską kulturą (XIX – XXI w.): studia i szkice [Ambassadors of Mutual Understanding. The Underestimated Creators of Bridges Between Polish and Czech Cultures (19th – 21st centuries): Studies and Sketches]. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 372 p. [in Polish]
Bidar, P. (2006). Suspilni nauky pro natsii ta natsionalizm [Social Sciences on Nations and Nationalism]. Narodna tvorchist ta etnohrafiia – Folk Art and Ethnography, 6, 67–74. [in Ukrainian]
Burszta, W. (2004). Różnorodność i tożsamość. Antropologia jako kulturowa refleksyjność [Diversity and Identity. Anthropology as Cultural Reflexivity]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 209 p. [in Polish]
Chmelyk, R. (2017). Suchasnyi ukrainsko-polskyi kordon: vymiry identychnosti [Modern Ukrainian-Polish Border: Dimentions of Identity]. Lviv: Instytut narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy, 352 p. [in Ukrainian]
Chomyn I. (2015b). Katalog plakiet, medalionów i medali polskich i z Polską związanych z Lwowskiej Narodowej Galerii Sztuki [Catalog of Polish and Related to Poland Plaques, Medallions and Medals of the Lviv National Gallery of Art]. Warszawa: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego, Vol. II, 560 p. [in Polish]
Chomyn, I. (2015a). Katalog plakiet, medalionów i medali polskich i z Polską związanych z Lwowskiej Narodowej Galerii Sztuki [Catalog of Polish and Related to Poland Plaques, Medallions and Medals of the Lviv National Gallery of Art]. Warszawa: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego, Vol. I, 608 p. [in Polish]
Chrzanowski, T. (2001). Kresy. Czyli obszary tęsknot [Kresy. Areas of Longings]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 240 p. [in Polish]
Chunikhina, S. (2020). Our Own Others: How the Other is Produced and (mis)Used in Ukraine. Ideology and Politics Journal, 2, 304–320. Doi: 10.36169/2227-6068.2020.01.00023. [in Ukrainian]
Czmełyk, R. & Mróz, L. (2010). Pamięć przedzielona rzeką [Memory Divided by a River]. In M. Zowczak (Ed.), Napograniczu “nowej Europy”. Polsko-ukraińskie sąsiedztwo (pp. 65–96). Warszawa: DiG. [in Polish]
Donnan, H. & Wilson, T. (2007). Granice tożsamości, narodu, państwa [Identity, Nation and State Boundaries]. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. 236 p. [in Polish]
Dziadzia, B. (2020). EtnoPolska – animacja, edukacja, partycypacja? [EthnoPoland – animation, education, participation]. Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne, 59, 33–46. Doi: 10.12775/LSE.2020.59.03. [in Polish]
Gedroits’, Ye. (2000). Postiini kopyrsannia u nashomu mynulomu vvazhaiu protsesom shkidlyvym [Consider Constant Copying in Our Past to be a Harmful Process]. Polityka i Kultura – Politics and Culture, 2, 5–7. [in Ukrainian]
Hahn, H. (2009). Centrum i peryferie: zmienność i podobieństwo mechanizmów generujących stereotypy [Center and Periphery: Variability and Similarity of Mechanisms Generating Stereotypes]. In R. Traba (Ed.), Akulturacja/asymilacja na pograniczach kulturowych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w XIX i XX wieku (Vol. 1, pp. 36–49). Warszawa: Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN. [in Polish]
Hann, C. (2001). Być Ukraińcem w Polsce: głosy z podzielonego miasta [To be Ukrainian in Poland: Voices From a Divided City]. In A. Jawłowska (Ed.), Wokół problemów tożsamości (pp. 182–207). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo LTW. [in Polish]
Hastrup, K. (1977). Przedstawianie przeszłości: uwagi na temat mitu i historii [Portraying the Past: Notes on Myth and History]. Konteksty: polska sztuka ludowa, 1–2, 22–27. [in Polish]
Hrycak, J. (2009). Nowa Ukraina. Nowe interpretacje [New Ukraine. New Interpretations]. Wrocław: KEW. 284 p. [in Polish]
Hud’, B. (2001). Ukrainsko-polski konflikty novitnoi doby. Etnosotsialnyi aspekt [Ukrainian-Polish Conflicts of Modern Times. Ethnosocial Aspect]. Kharkov: Akta, 472 p. [in Ukrainian]
Kalakura, O. (2007). Poliaky v etnopolitychnykh protsesakh na zemliakh Ukrainy u XX stolitti [Poles in Ethno-Political Processes in the Lands of Ukraine in the 20th century]. Kyiv: Znannia Ukrainy, 508 p. [in Ukrainian]
Kaniowska, K. (2003). Antropologia i problem pamięci [Anthropology and the Problem of Memory]. Konteksty: polska sztuka ludowa, 3–4, 57–65. [in Polish]
Kasprzak, A. & Skoropadowa, H. (2008). Europejskie szklo od XVI do początku XIX wieku w zbiorach Muzeum Etnografii i Przemyslu Artystyczego Instytutu Narodoznawstwa Narodowej Akademii Nauk Ukrainy we Lwowie [European Glass From the 16th to the Beginning of the 19th Century in the Collection of The Museum of Ethnography and Crafts of The Ethnology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Lviv]. Warszawa: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego. 264 p. [in Polish]
Khakhula, L. (2016). “Rizuny” chy pobratymy? Suchasni polski dyskursy pro Ukrainu [“Bloody Rebels” or Blood Brothers? Present-day Polish Discourses about Ukraine]. Lviv: Instytut ukrainoznavstva im. I. Krypiakevycha NAN Ukrainy, 304 p. [in Ukrainian]
Khakhula, L. (2021). “O historii trzeba rozmawiać”. Współpraca kulturalna Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich i Lwowskiej Narodowej Naukowej Biblioteki im. Wasyla Stefanyka jako polityka historyczna (koniec XX – początek XXI wieku) [“We need to speak about history”. Cultural Cooperation between The Ossoliński National Institute and Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv as Historical Politics (End of the 20th century − Beginning of the 21st century]. Czasopismo Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich, 32, 105–124. [in Polish]
Koniechna, Y (2001). Polshcha–Ukraina: vzaiemnyi obraz [Poland–Ukraine: Mutual Image]. Varshava: Instytut suspilnykh sprav, 82 p. [in Ukrainian]
Kyrchiv, R. (2009). Etnokulturne pohranychchia: kontury predmetnoho polia y metodolohichni zasady yoho doslidzhennia [Ethnocultural Frontier: Contours of the Subject Field and Methodological Principles of Its Research]. Narodoznavchi Zoshyty – The Ethnology Notebooks, 5–6, 594–607. [in Ukrainian]
Lomann, M. (2003). Ukraina: novyi yevropeiskyi susid. Notatky pro istoriiu ta suchasnist’ [Ukraine: a New European Neighbor. Notes on History and Modernity]. Kyiv: Heoprynt, 136 p. [in Ukrainian]
Lytvyn, M. & Khakhula, L. (2019). The Ukrainian memory community in Poland (the second half of the XX – beginning of the XXI centuries). Skhidnoievropeiskyi istorychnyi visnyk – East European Historical Bulletin, 12, 178–191. Doi: 10.24919/2519-058x.12.177553. [in English]
Malikowski, M. (2010). Wybrane problemy stosunków polsko-ukraińskich [Selected problems of Polish-Ukrainian relations]. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. 274 p. [in Polish]
Obrębski, J. (2005). Dzisiejsi ludzie Polesia i inne eseje [Today’s People of Polesia Region and Other Essays]. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo IFiS PAN. 224 p. [in Polish]
P., O. (1991). Chrześcijańska tożsamość [Christian Identity] Gazeta Wyborcza, 138, 14 czerwca. [in Polish]
Petrus, J. (2020). Ocalić od zapomnienia. Stowarzyszenie “Wspólnota Polska” na rzecz ochrony polskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego za granicą [Save From Oblivion. Association “Polish Community” for the Protection of Polish Cultural Heritage Abroad]. Kraków: Stowarzyszenie “Wspólnota Polska”. 80 p. [in Polish]
Polak, G. (1991a). Kościół Ukrainców [Church of the Ukrainians]. Gazeta Wyborcza, 93, 20–21 kwietnia. [in Polish]
Polak, G. (1991b). Spór o katedrę [The Discussion Over the Cathedral]. Gazeta Wyborcza, 55, 6 marca. [in Polish]
Prylutska, L. (2020). The “memory studies” development and the historical memory dynamics in independent Ukraine from the view of the modern western historiography. Skhidnoievropeiskyi istorychnyi visnyk – East European Historical Bulletin, 15, 208–219. Doi: 10.24919/2519-058x.15.204978. [in English]
Riabchuk, M. (2009) War of historical discourses in contemporary Ukraine. In J. Malicki & L. Zasztowt (Eds.), East and West: History and Contemporary State of Eastern Studies (pp. 229–248). Warsaw: Studium Europy Wschodniej UW. [in English]
Smoleński, P. (2001). Pochówek dla rezuna [Burial for the Blood Rebel]. Wolowiec: Czarne, 166 p. [in Polish]
Syrnyk, Ya. (2022). The Ukrainian issue in Post-war Poland as a special indicator of understanding the complex socio-political challenges of today. Skhidnoievropeiskyi istorychnyi visnyk – East European Historical Bulletin, 22, 153–163. Doi: 10.24919/2519-058X.22.253740. [in English]
Szablowska, A. & Seńkiw, M. (2009). Plakat polski: ze zbiorów Muzeum Etnografii i Przemysłu Artystycznego Instytutu Narodoznawstwa Narodowej Akademii Nauk Ukrainy we Lwowie [Polish Poster: from the Collection of The Museum of Ethnography and Crafts of The Ethnology Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Lviv]. Warszawa: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego. 619 p. [in Polish]
Traba, R. (2001). 3:2 dla Ukrainy, czyli rozważania o stereotypach i symbolach narodowych naszych wschodnich sąsiadów [3:2 for Ukraine, that is, Reflection on Stereotypes and National Symbols of Our Eastern Neighbors]. In R. Traba (Ed.), Tematy polsko-ukraińskie: historia, literatura, edukacja (pp. 9–25). Olsztyn: Borussia. [in Polish]
Wyrobisz, A. (1991). Upiory [The Ghouls]. Polityka, 25, 22 czerwca. [in Polish]
Ziółkowski, M. (2008). Projekt: Ukraina [Project: Ukraine]. Wrocław: KEW, 154 p. [in Polish]
Zowczak, M. (2011). Antropologia, historia a sprawa ukraińska. O taktyce pogranicza [Anthropology, history and the Ukrainian Cause. About Borderland Tactics]. Lud, 95, 45–67. [in Polish]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
