HEALTH CARE SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION OF THE POPULATION OF THE WESTERN REGIONS OF UKRAINE (1939 – 1941): THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHICAL MYTHS AND MODERN INTERPRETATION OF ARCHIVAL SOURCES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.23.258967Abstract
The purpose of the research is the source historiographical characteristics of the health care system transformation of the population of the western regions of Ukraine at the initial stage of the region’s Sovietization (1939 – 1941). The methodology of the research is based on the general principles of the methodology of historical cognition, based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and pluralism and reliance on historical sources and the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, method of analogies) and special historical (genetic, comparative, systemic, historical periodization, retrospective) methods. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the greater part of valuable archival materials that elucidate little studied issues concerning institutional and procedural changes in the health care system of Western Ukraine in the context of the Soviet administrative model of social policy and Stalin’s totalitarian regime in general were introduced into scientific circulation. The Conclusions. Relevant scientific publications and archival documents have been brought into a broader historiographical context due to the definition of the main components of the health care organization system, which provide the previous historical knowledge with the supplement of the outlined issues significantly. In detail there have been elucidated the dominant influence of the party ideologues of Stalin’s totalitarian regime on the nature and essence of the radical change in the health care system of the western regions of Ukraine at the first stage of the region’s Sovietization (the autumn of 1939 – the summer of 1941). There has been suggested the interpretation of the medical institutions’ network growth, their bed stock, medical staff in the process of implementation of the Soviet policy of the health care system organization in the western regions of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Hence, there have been refuted the historiographical myths about the importance of the Communist Party’s care and the personal role of the leaders of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in overcoming the backwardness of the medical sector in the western Ukrainian region of the period under analysis, which was caused by “a heavy national and social oppression of lordly Poland”.
Key words: western regions of Ukraine, Sovietization, health care, medical institutions, medical staff, epidemic diseases.
References
Bilinskyi, M. M. & Radysh, Ya. F. (Ed). (2013). Derzhavne upravlinnia okhoronoiu zdorovʼia v Ukraini: heneza i perspektyvy rozvytku: kolektyvna monohrafiia [Public health management in Ukraine: genesis and prospects of development: a collective monograph]. Kyiv: NADU, 424 p. [in Ukrainian]
Bohachenko, M. & Romaniak, M. (2008). Medytsyna Drohobycha: Istorychni narysy [Medicine in Drohobych: Historical Essays]. Drohobych: Kolo, 472 sp. [in Ukrainian]
Burihin, T. N. (1961). Medicinskie kadry, ih podgotovka i usovershenstvovanie v zapadnyh oblastyah URSR do i posle vossoedineniya [Medical personnel, their training and improvement in the western regions of the URSR before and after reunification]. K istorii mediciny na Ukraine: (na materialah zapadnyh oblastej USSR, Zakarpat’ya i Bukoviny). (pp. 24–41). Lviv. [in Russian]
Chemeris, H. I. (1961). Puti razvitiya bor’by s tuberkulezom vo L’vovskoj, Stanislavskoj i Ternopol’skoj oblastyah do i posle vossoedineniya s USSR [Ways to develop the fight against tuberculosis in Lviv, Stanislav and Ternopil regions before and after reunification with the Ukrainian SSR]. K istorii mediciny na Ukraine: (na materialah zapadnyh oblastej USSR, Zakarpat’ya i Bukoviny) (pp. 174–184). Lviv. [in Russian]
Chemerys, H. I. (1959). Dvadtsiat rokiv borotby z tuberkulozom u zakhidnykh oblastiakh URSR (1939–1959) [Twenty years of tuberculosis control in the western regions of the USSR (1939–1959)]. Naukova sesiia, prysviachena dvadtsiatyrichchiu vozziednannia zakhidnoukrainskykh zemel z URSR, 28–30 zhovtnia 1959 r. (pp. 5–8). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]
Danileichenko, V. D. (1961). Razvitie zdravoohraneniya vo L’vovskoj oblasti za gody Sovetskoj vlasti (1940–1958 gg.) [The development of health care in the Lviv region during the years of Soviet power (1940–1958)]. K istorii mediciny na Ukraine: (na materialah zapadnyh oblastej USSR, Zakarpat’ya i Bukoviny) (pp. 42–53). Lviv. [in Russian]
Derzhavnyi arkhiv Ivano-Frankivskoi oblasti [State Archives of Ivano-Frankivsk region – SAIFR]
Derzhavnyi arkhiv Lvivskoi oblasti [State Archives of Lviv region – SALR]
Derzhavnyi arkhiv Ternopilskoi oblasti [State Archives of Ternopil region – SATR]
Dudnyk, O. V. & Shaurenko, A. V. (2019). Osoblyvosti rozvytku systemy okhorony zdorovʼia Ukrainy u XX st. (na prykladi Chernihivshchyny) [Features of the development of the health care system of Ukraine in the twentieth century. (on the example of Chernihiv region)]. Storinky istorii, 53, 301–315. Doi: 10.20535/2307-5244.53.2021.248565 [in Ukrainian]
Garagash’yan, A. A. & Parashchak, P. V. (1972). Rozkvіt ohoroni zdorov’ya na Radyans’komu Prikarpattі [The heyday of health care in the Soviet Prycarpattia]. Kiїv: Zdorovʼya, 132 p. [in Ukrainian]
Hordiyenko, H. & Hordiyenko, V. (2022). State Policy on Social Protection for the Patriotic War Invalids in Post-war Ukraine in 1945–1950. Skhidnoievropeiskyi Istorychnyi Visnyk – East European Historical Bulletin, 22, 141–152. Doi: 10.24919/2519-058X.22.253728 246920 [in English]
Hulai, V. V. (2001). Problemy okhorony zdorovia naselennia zakhidnykh oblastei Ukrainy (druha polovyna 40-kh – 50-ti roky XX st.) [Problems of health protection of the population of the western regions of Ukraine (second half of the 40s – 50s of the XX century)]. Problemy humanitarnykh nauk: naukovi zapysky DDPU, 8, 176–180. [in Ukrainian]
Ilnytskyi, V. (2018). Vyiavlennia ta likvidatsiia radianskymy represyvno-karalnymy orhanamy ukrainskykh, polskykh ta yevreiskykh orhanizatsii u m. Drohobychi (1940 r.) [Detection and liquidation of Ukrainian, Polish and Jewish organizations in Drohobych by Soviet repressive and punitive bodies (1940)]. Skhidnoievropeiskyi istorychnyi visnyk, 7, 120–150. Doi: 10.24919/2519-058x.7.130646 [in Ukrainian]
Ishchenko, N. P. (1961). Iz istorii stanovleniya sovetskogo zdravoohraneniya na Ternopol’shchine [From the history of the formation of Soviet healthcare in the Ternopil region]. K istorii mediciny na Ukraine: (na materialah zapadnyh oblastej USSR, Zakarpat’ya i Bukoviny). (pp. 54–58). Lviv. [in Russian]
Kadobnyi, T. V., Kozak, N. V. & Labivka, O. V. (2016). Dokorinna perebudova systemy okhorony zdorovʼia v 40-kh rokakh yak zdorovʼiazberihaiuchi tendentsii v rozbudovi Ternopilshchyny [Radical restructuring of the health care system in the 1940s as health-preserving trends in the development of Ternopil region]. Medychna osvita, 1, 115–120. [in Ukrainian]
Muhina, E. A. & Danileichenko, V. D. (1961). Puti razvitiya ohrany materinstva i detstva v zapadnyh oblastyah Ukrainskoj SSR za gody Sovetskoj vlasti [Ways of developing the protection of motherhood and childhood in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR during the years of Soviet power]. K istorii mediciny na Ukraine: (na materialah zapadnyh oblastej USSR, Zakarpat’ya i Bukoviny). (pp. 88–100). Lviv. [in Russian]
Popp, R. & Kantor, N. (2021). Everyday Life of Intelligentsia of the Western Region of Ukraine in 1944 – 1953. Skhidnoievropeiskyi istorychnyi visnyk – East European Historical Bulletin, 21, 162–171. Doi: 10.24919/2519-058X.21.246920 [in English]
Radysh, Ya. F. & Soroka, O. Ya. (2012a). Ivan Savytskyi – pershyi rektor Stanislavskoho medychnoho instytutu (do problemy derzhavnoho rehuliuvannia medychnoi diialnosti na Prykarpatti u pershii polovyni XX stolittia) [Ivan Savitsky, the first rector of the Stanislavsky Medical Institute (on the problem of state regulation of medical activities in the Carpathians in the first half of the twentieth century)]. Investytsii: praktyka ta dosvid, 2, 89–94. [in Ukrainian]
Radysh, Ya. F. & Soroka, O. Ya. (2012b). Osoblyvosti derzhavnoho rehuliuvannia medychnoi diialnosti na Prykarpatti protiahom 1939–1950 rr. [Features of state regulation of medical activity in the Prycarpattia during 1939–1950]. Visnyk Akademii pratsi i sotsialnykh vidnosyn Federatsii profspilok Ukrainy. Seriia: Pravo ta derzhavne upravlinnia, 2, 12–21. [in Ukrainian]
Sahach, O. M. & Lavrinenko, L. I. (2019). Osoblyvosti rozvytku systemy okhorony zdorovʼia Ukrainy u XX st. (na prykladi Chernihivshchyny) [Features of the development of the health care system of Ukraine in the XXth century (on the example of Chernihiv region)]. Storinky istorii, 49, 204–224. Doi: 10.20535/2307-5244.49.2019.189551 [in Ukrainian]
Skrypnyk, N. V., Botsiurko, V. I., Didushko, O. M., Kostitska, I. O., Vatseba, T. S., Marusyn, O. V., Cherniavska, I. V. & Deliatynskyi, R. I. (2017). Storinky istorii stanovlennia y rozvytku endokrynolohii v Ivano-Frankivskomu NMU (1967 – 2017) [Pages of the history of formation and development of endocrinology in Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University (1967 – 2017)]. Praktykuiuchyi likar, 6(4), 64–82. [in Ukrainian]
Soroka, O. Ya. (2013). Rol i mistse vidomykh likariv u derzhavnomu rehuliuvanni i medychnoi haluzi na Prykarpatti u pershii polovyni XX stolittia [The role and place of famous doctors in the state regulation and medical field in the Carpathians in the first half of the twentieth century]. Investytsii: praktyka ta dosvid, 2, 137–141. [in Ukrainian]
Starodubets, G. (2019). Women’s experience of participation in the process of the sovietization in the Western regions of Ukraine in the conditions of Stalin’s regime. Skhidnoievropeiskyi Istorychnyi Visnyk – East European Historical Bulletin, 10, 171–180. Doi: 10.24919/2519-058x.10.159184 [in English]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
