THE PRESIDENT OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA TOMAŠ GARRIGUE MASARYK AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF ECONOMICS

Authors

  • Oleksandr KRAVCHUK PhD (History), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of World History at Vinnytsia Myкhailo Kotsiubinskyi State Pedagogical University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-5041
  • Natalia KUZMINETS PhD (History), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Ukraine at Vinnytsia Myкhailo Kotsiubinskyi State Pedagogical University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9939-2451

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.22.253730

Abstract

The purpose of the article – to elucidate the role of Tomaš Garrigue Masaryk, the President of Czechoslovakia, in the establishment of the Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Poděbrady. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, science, objectivity, general scientific (historical and logical) and special historical methods (retrospective, narrative and chronological). The research is done on the basis of archival and published sources, factual material of historical works, which revealed the role of the top leadership of Czechoslovakia in the development of the Ukrainian Academy of Economics. The scientific novelty of the study consists in setting the research topic and integrated use of different types of sources and special research works to solve it. This integrated use of different types of sources allowed the authors to objectively analyze the formation of the Ukrainian Academy of Economics in the context of the Czechoslovakia leadership policy towards emigrants. The Conclusions. The establishment of the Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Poděbrady took place during the elaboration of President T. G. Masaryk’s policy concept to support emigrants from the Romanov monarchy. The ideological basis of this action was the concept of the Slavic reciprocity, in which the President of the Czechoslovak Republic assigned his country the role of an organizer of higher education for the Ukrainian youth for their further re-emigration to their homeland. Despite a certain idealism of this plan, the political goal of which was not realized, because not all high school graduates could return home, and especially at that time to become a factor in the rapprochement of the Czechoslovak Republic and the Soviet state. However, the training of specialists was effective at the Ukrainian Academy of Economics. Its scientific and pedagogical staff and students made a significant contribution to the preservation and development of the Ukrainian intellectual potential, as well as the countries of their stay.

Key words: Ukrainian Academy of Economics, Ukrainian emigration, T. G. Masaryk, the Czechoslovak Republic, Poděbrady.

References

Bochkovskyi, O. I. (1930). T. G. Masaryk: Natsionalna problema ta ukrainske pytannia (Sproba kharakterystyky ta interpretatsii) [T. G. Masaryk: The National Problem and the Ukrainian Issue (An Attempt at Characterization and Interpretation)]. Podiebrady: “Legiografie”, 244 p. [in Ukrainian]

Boriak, T. (2004). Orhanizatsiino-finansovi zasady funktsionuvannia emihratsiinykh instytutsii u Chekho-Slovatskii respublitsi v 1920 ‒ 1930-kh rr. [Organizational and Financial Principles of the Functioning of Emigration Institutions in the Czechoslovak Republic in the 1920s and the 1930s]. Arkhivy Ukrainy – Archives of Ukraine, (4‒6), 175‒184. [in Ukrainian]

Central’nij derzhavnij arhіv vishchih organіv vladi ta upravlіnnya Ukrainy [The Central State Archives of Supreme Authorities and Governments of Ukraine – CSASAG of Ukraine]

Československá pomoc ruské a ukrajinské emigraci. (1924). Československá pomoc ruské a ukrajinské emigraci [Czechoslovak help to Russian and Ukrainian emigration]. Praha: “Legiografie”, 128 p. [in Czech]

Doubek, V. (2016). T. G. Masaryk a ruská otázka po roce 1917. Korespondence T. G. Masaryk – Slované. Rusové a Ukrajinci [Correspondence of T. G. Masaryk and the Slavs. The Russians and the Ukrainians]. (pp. 7‒27). Praha: Masarykův ústav a Archiv AV ČR. [in Czech]

Golenda, J. (1995). Ukrajins’ka gospodars’ka akademija v Podebradach (1922 ‒ 1935) [Ukrainian economic academy in Podebrady]. Dukľa, 5, 29‒36 [in Ukrainian]

Harbul’ová, L. (2013). T. G. Masaryk – ukrajinská otázka – ukrajinskí politíckí predstavitelia (1917 ‒ 1920) [T. G. Masaryk – Ukrainian Issue – Ukrainian Political Representatives (1917 ‒ 1920) T. G. Masaryk a Slované [T. G. Masaryk and the Slavs]. (pp. 101‒110). Praha: Historický ústav AV ČR, v. v. i. a Masarykův ústav a Archiv AV ČR, v. v. i. [in Czech]

Hordiienko, H. (1977). Pid shchytom Marsa. Spohady [Under the Shield of Mars. Memoirs]. Vol. 2: Moi Podiebrady (1922 ‒ 1931). Filadelfiia: Ukrapress, 231 p. [in Ukrainian]

Kaleta, P. (2019). T. G. Masaryk and the Russian Aid Operation in Czechoslovakia. Czech-Polish Historical and Pedagogical Journal. 11 (1), 23‒31. doi: https://doi.org/10.5817/cphpj-2019-003 [in English]

Kemin, V. & Sudilovska, M. (2020). Kulturno-osvitnia diialnist emihrantiv iz Halychyny v Chekhoslovachchyni mizhvoiennoi doby [Cultural and Educational Activities of Emigrants from Galicia in Czechoslovakia during the Interwar Period]. Aktualni pytannia humanitarnykh nauk – Current issues of the humanities, 4 (27), 97‒103. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863.4/27.203934 [in Ukrainian]

Korespondence T. G. Masaryk – Edvard Beneš 1918 ‒ 1937. (2013). Korespondence T. G. Masaryk – Edvard Beneš 1918 ‒ 1937 [Correspondence of T. G. Masaryk – Edvard Beneš 1918 ‒ 1937]. Praha: Masarykův ústav a Archiv AV ČR, v. v. i., 484 p. [in Czech]

Kozlovskyi, O. (1923). Prezydent Masaryk sered ukraintsiv v Podebradakh [President Masaryk among the Ukrainians in Poděbrady]. Svoboda – Freedom, 26 maia, 2. [in Ukrainian]

Kravchuk, O. (2021). Postat’ T. G. Masaryka u spryjn’atti Ya. Ohorodnykа [Figure of Tomash Masaryk in Reception of Yakiv Ohorodnyk. Rukopysna ta knyzhkova spadshhyna Ukrajiny [Manuscript and book heritage of Ukraine], (27) 304‒318. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/rksu.27.304 [in Ukrainian]

Laschenko, G. (1966). Ravty prezidenta Masaryka. [Rauts of President Masaryk]. OVID, 4, Zhovten-gruden, 13‒19. [in Ukrainian]

Martos, B. (1999). Zasnuvannia Ukrainskoi hospodarskoi akademii.[Establishment of the Ukrainian Economic Academy]. Khronika 2000 – Chronicle 2000, (20‒30), 192‒210. [in Ukrainian]

Masaryk, T. G. (2005). Světová revoluce. Za války a ve válce 1914 ‒ 1918. [The World Revolution. During the War and in the War 1914 ‒ 1918]. Praha: Masarykův ústav AV ČR, 640 p. [in Czech]

Masaryk, T. G. (2007). Cesta demokracie II. Projevy – články – rozhovory. 1921 ‒ 1923. [The Path of Democracy II. Speeches ‒ articles ‒ interviews. 1921 ‒ 1923]. Praha: Ústav T. G. Masaryka. [in Czech]

Narizhnyi, S. (1942). Ukrainska emihratsiia. Kulturna pratsia ukrainskoi emihratsii mizh dvoma svitovymy viinamy [Ukrainian Emigration. Cultural work of Ukrainian Emigration during the Interwar Period]. Praha: “Knihtisk”, 336 p. [in Ukrainian]

Pasitska, O. (2019). Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Poděbrady. Czech-Polish Historical and Pedagogical Journal. 11 (1), 112–119. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5817/cphpj-2019-014 [in English]

Peschanyi, O. O. (2008). Ukrainska hospodarska akademiia v Podebradakh.[Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Poděbrady]. Istorychnyi arkhiv. Naukovi studii: Zb. nauk. pr.Chornomorskoho derzhavnoho universytetu imeni P. Mohyly – Historical archive. Scientific studies: Coll. Science. Proceedings of the Black Sea State University named after P. Mohyla, (2), 146‒151 [in Ukrainian]

Predstavnyky Ukrainskoho hromadskoho komitetu. (1922). Predstavnyky Ukrainskoho hromadskoho komitetu u prezydenta chesko-slov. respubliky. [Representatives of the Ukrainian Civil Committee to the President of the Czech-Slovak Republic]. Nova Ukraina – New Ukraine, 30 bereznia, 36. [in Ukrainian]

Providyny Prezydentom Ch. S. Respubliky. (1923). Providyny Prezydentom Ch. S. Respubliky. Ukrainskoi Hospodarskoi Akademii v Podiebradakh [Provided by the President of the Cz[ech-]Sl[ovak] Republic Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Poděbrady]. Nova Ukraina – New Ukraine, cherven, 170‒171 [in Ukrainian]

Ryhlyk, Ya. 1999. T. G. Masaryk, Rosiya ta ukrayins`ke pytannya (1917 ‒ 1923) [T. G. Masaryk. Russia and Ukrainian Issue, 1917 ‒ 1923]. Khronika 2000 – Chronicle 2000, (29‒30), 64‒70. [in Ukrainian]

Shapoval, M. (1958). Shchodennyk vid 22 liutoho 1919 r. do 31 hrudnia 1924 r. [Diary from 22 February 1919 to December 31, 1924]. Comps. Inzh. Sava Zerkal. (Vol. I). New York, 157 p. [in Ukrainian]

Shulha, V. (2019). Ukrainian Economic Academy (1922 – 1935) as a Model of Development of Agrarian Education and Science by Ukrainian Diaspory. Skhidnoievropeiskyi Istorychnyi Visnyk [East Europe Historical Bulletin], 12, 108–115. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.12.177564 [in English]

Sladek, Z. (1991). Russkaya i ukrainskaya emigratsiya v Chehoslovakii [Russian and Ukrainian Emigration in Czechoslovakia.]. Sovetskoe slavyanovedenie ‒ Soviet Slavic studies, 6, 24‒36. [in Russian]

Sladek, Z. (1993). Russkaya emigratsiya v Chehoslovakii: razvitie “russkoy aktsii” [Russian Emigration in Czechoslovakia: the Development of the “Russian Action”]. Slavyanovedenie – Slavic studies, 4, 28‒38. [in Russian]

Topinka, Ye. (Comps.). (2010). Tomash Masaryk i ukraintsi. Arkhivni dokumenty [Tomash Masaryk and the Ukrainians. Archival documents]. Lviv.: Vydavnytstvo “Tsentr Yevropy”, 440 p. [in Ukrainian]

Truba, R. (2020). Markian Terletskyi in the Cultural and Educational Environment of Galicia and Czechoslovakia during the 20 – 30-ies of the XXth Century. Skhidnoievropeiskyi Istorychnyi Visnyk [East European Historical Bulletin], 17, 90–100. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.17.218205 [in English]

Ukrainska Hospodarska Akademiia v Ch.S.R. (1923). Ukrainska Hospodarska Akademiia v Ch.S.R. [Ukrainian Economic Academy in Ch.S.R.]. Praha: Vydannia Ukrainskoho Hromadskoho Komitetu v Ch.S.R., 63 p. [in Ukrainian]

Ukrainska Hospodarska Akademiia. (1931). Ukrainska Hospodarska Akademiia [Ukrainian Economic Academy]. Praha-Podiebrady: Nakladom Ukrainskoi Hospodarskoi Akademii. [in Ukrainian]

Ukraintsi u prezydenta Masaryka. (1922). Ukraintsi u prezydenta Masaryka [Ukrainians are in [reception] President Masaryk]. Svoboda ‒ Freedom, (121), 26. maia. [in Ukrainian]

Ulianovska, S. & Ulianovskyi, V. (1993). Ukrainska naukova i kulturnytska emihratsija u Chekho-Slovachchyni mizh dvoma svitovymy viinamy [Ukrainian Scientific and Cultural Emigration in Czechoslovakia during Interwar Period]. In D. Antonovych (Ed). Ukrainska kultura: Lektsii. (pp. 477‒498). Kyiv: Lybid. [in Ukrainian]

Utkin, O. (2021). Profesor B. Martos: orhanizatorska ta naukovo-pedahohichna diialnist [Professor B. Martos: Organizational and Scientific and Pedagogical Activity]. Ukrainskyj istorychnyj zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 4, 163‒174. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2021.04.163 [in Ukrainian]

Utkin, O. I. (2015). Ukrainska hospodarska akademiia v Chekhoslovachchyni: stvorennia ta diialnist [Ukrainian Economic Academy in Czechoslovakia: Creation and Activity]. Istoriia nauky i biohrafistyka ‒ History of science and bibliography, 1. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/INB_Title_2015_1_17. [in Ukrainian]

Vatsulik, Ya. (2012). Memorandum Vatslava Girsy o pomoshchi russkim i ukrainskim emigrantam, napravlennyy v Ligu Natsiy [Vaclav Hirsa’s memorandum on Aid to Russian and Ukrainian emigrants, sent to the League of Nations], Russkaya aktsiya pomoshchi v Chekhoslovakii: istoriya, znachenie, nasledie (pp. 263‒268). Praha. [in Russian]

Vidnyanskyy, S. V. (1997). Ukrayins`ke pytannya v mizhvoyennij Chekhoslovachchyni [Ukrainian Question in interwar Czechoslovakia. Thesis for Doctorate in History]. Kyiv: Institute of History of Ukraine, National academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 108 р. [in Ukrainian]

Yerzhabkova, B. (1990). Ukraintsi v Prazi mizh dvoma svitovymy viinamy [The Ukrainians in Prague during Interwar Period]. Vyzvolnyi shliakh – The way of liberation, 7 (508), 860‒874; 8 (509), 993‒1007. [in Ukrainian]

Zavorotna, N. (2020). Scholars in Exile. The Ukrainian Intellectual World in Interwar Czechoslovakia. Toronto-Buffalo-London: University of Toronto Press, 260 p. [in English]

Zilynskyj, B. (2002). Ukrajinci v Čechách a na Moravé: stručný nástin dějin [The Ukrainians in Bohemia and Moravia: a brief outline of history]. [Praha]: Sdružení Čechů z Volyně a jejich prátel, 76 p. [in Czech]

Downloads

Published

2022-03-27

Issue

Section

Articles