REACTION OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FORCES OF ZAPORIZHZHIA TO THE BEGINNING OF THE HETMANATE ERA (APRIL – MAY OF 1918)

Olexandr  IHNATUSHA; Mykola  FROLOV

doi:10.24919/2519-058X.21.246899

Authors

Olexandr IHNATUSHA PhD hab. (History), Professor, Professor of the Department of History of Ukraine at Zaporizhzhia National University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-1085
Mykola FROLOV PhD hab. (History), Professor, Rector of Zaporizhzhia National University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-1553

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.21.246899

Abstract

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to elucidate the reaction of social and political forces of Zaporizhzhia region to the events of the proclamation of Pavlo Skoropadsky Hetmanate in April – May of 1918. The Methodology of the Research. The research is based on history, objectivity, multifactority, political pluralism principals, as well as on a complex of general scientific and special, and historical methods, among which, first of all – analysis, synthesis, historical and genetic, and historical and comparative methods. The Scientific Novelty. For the first time, the spectrum of social and political forces reactions of Zaporizhzhia region to the establishment of the Hetman P. Skoropadsky regime in Ukraine has been characterized. The course of events that accompanied these reactions has been reconstructed, their character, expressions, social carriers and peculiarities of social ideas in the reception of the Hetmanate in Zaporizhzhia region have been determined. New archival materials from the fund of Oleksandrivsk City Duma and Council and a unique source – a non-partisan democratic newspaper of the Ukrainian organizations “The Sich” (Oleksandrivsk, 1918) have been introduced into scientific circulation. The Conclusions. It is claimed that the content of the revolutionary events in Zaporizhzhia in April – May of 1918 had a distinct national and democratic character and was aligned with the reaction to the public's reception of the Hetmanate in other regions of Ukraine. The Left socialist and liberal forces criticized the establishment of the monarchical regime, recognizing it as a return to tsarist times. At the same time, their reaction was manifested in the forms of democratic content: meetings, adopted resolutions, convocation of congresses, outlining prospects for further activities. A motivational factor for the development of more dynamic actions was the conservative traditional thinking, which was expressed by the peasantry, engaged in farming and dissatisfied with the Bolshevist experiments of destruction of private property in the region in January – March of 1918. The factors of ethnic diversity and russification of the region also provided regional specificity of the society's reaction to the establishment of the new government.

Key words: the Hetmanate, Central Rada, coup d’Etat, conservatism, revolution, tradition.

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