MILITARIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN OCCUPIED CRIMEA (2014–2019)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.19.233845Abstract
The purpose of the study is to try to determine the nature and specifics, forms and subjects of the educational process militarization in annexed peninsula attracting materials from open sources (information resources of the Russian Federation authorities, occupation authorities of the Crimea, materials of the Regional Human Rights Center, the Crimean Human Rights Group, Helsinki Human Rights Union, ZMINA Human Rights Center, NGO Almenda Civic Education Center, online publications, etc.). Research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematic, scientific, authorial objectivity, the use of general scientific (dialectical, method of analogies, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative), interdisciplinary (methods of philosophy, political science, social psychology, synergetic, statistical analysis, contextual analysis), historical (retrospective, problem-chronological, discourse analysis, methods of “detection”) methods of research. The scientific novelty is that the essence, peculiarities, forms and subjects of the educational process militarization in the annexed Crimea by the Russian Federation during 2014 – 2019 have been found out on the basis of attracting open source materials. The Conclusions. It is noted that the transformation of the Crimeans social life over the last five years is primarily related to the militarization of the educational process, sports and culture. The occupying power organizes various activities among children and young people for this purpose: games, competitions, excursions, competitions on military subjects, organizes paramilitary children's camps, cultural mass events, lectures, conferences, theatrical performances, creates special militarized educational classes, lessons and meetings of military and patriotic, spiritual and patriotic education, etc. The most ambitious of such militant activities are the various military sports and military patriotic games. It is stated that the substantive policy of the educational process militarization in the annexed Crimea is aimed at: first, the active propaganda of the service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, including the contract; secondly, to educate a large army of potential carriers and defenders of the “Russian world”; third, to cultivate violence and war.
Keywords: militarization of the educational process, occupied Crimea, paramilitary units, military and patriotic education, military training, military propaganda.
References
Delegatsiya iz LNR otpravilas v molodezhno-patrioticheskiy lager-forum “Krym-Donuzlav–2018” [A delegation from LPR went to the Crimea-Donuzlav-2018 youth-patriotic camp-forum] (2018). URL: https://lnr.media/news/3585 [in Russian]
Doklad o situatsii s pravami cheloveka v Ukraine 16 noyabrya 2018 – 15 fevralya 2019 [Human Rights Situation Report in Ukraine November 16, 2018 – February 15, 2019] (2019). Upravlenie Verkhovnogo komissara po pravam cheloveka Organizatsii Obedinennykh Natsiy (UVKPCh OON) – Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. URL: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ Countries/UA/ReportUkraine16Nov2018-15Feb2019_Ukranian.pdf [in Russian]
Gosprogramma po patrioticheskomu vospitaniyu RF [State program on patriotic education of the Russian Federation] (2015). URL: http://www.rosvoencentr-rf.ru/obobshchennye-doklady/razrabotka-gpp-2016-2020-iyun-noyabr/utochnennyy-variant-gosprogrammy.php [in Russian]
Informatsiya o meropriyatiyakh RVIO [Information on RVIA events] (2016). Режим доступу: http://rvio.histrf.ru/soobshestvo/71 [in Russian]
Konventsiya o pravakh rebenka [Convention on the Rights of the Child] (1989). URL: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/childcon.shtml [in Russian]
Koynash, G. (2019). Yak u Krymu hotuiut ditei do viiny [How prepare children for war in the Crimea]. URL: https://nv.ua/ukr/opinion/militarizaciya-krimu-chogo-rosiya-navchaye-krimskih-shkolyariv-novini-ukrajini-50058275.html [in Ukrainian]
Kruglogodichnoe voennoe vospitanie shkolnikov: okkupanty progonyat cherez voennyy lager vsekh starsheklassnikov [Year-round military education of schoolchildren: the invaders will run all high school students through the military camp] (2019). URL: https://www.blackseanews.net/read/156187 [in Russian]
Kudriachenko, A. I. (Ed.). (2017) Ukraina: kontekst svitovykh podii. Analitychni zapysky DU “Instytut vsesvitnoi istorii NAN Ukrainy” (2014 – 2017) [Ukraine: the context of world events. Analytical notes of State Institution “Institute of World History of NAS of Ukraine” (2014–2017)]. Kyiv: State Institution “Institute of World History of NAS of Ukraine”, 556 p. [in Ukrainian]
Militarizatsiya Kryma: Genassambleya prinyala rezolyutsiyu [Militarization of Crimea: General Assembly adopted a resolution] (2019). URL: Ошибка! Недопустимый объект гиперссылки. [in Russian]
Militarizatsiya zakhvatyvaet detey – okkupirovannyy Sevastopol voshel troyku liderov po “voenno-patrioticheskomu vospitaniyu” [Militarization captures children – occupied Sevastopol entered the top three leaders in “military-patriotic education”] (2018). URL: https://www.blackseanews.net/read/145923 [in Russian]
Obrazovanie v Krymu: kak okkupanty provodyat militarizatsiyu v shkolakh [Education in Crimea: the occupiers carry out the militarization of schools] (2018). URL: https://etcetera.media/obrazovanie-v-kryimu-kak-okkupantyi-provodyat-militarizatsiyu-v-shkolah.html [in Russian]
Okhredko, O. (2018). Militaryzatsiia osvity v okupovanomu Krymu [Militarization of education in the occupied Crimea]. URL: http://education-ua.org/ua/articles/1150-krimski-khunvejbini-dlya-putina [in Ukrainian]
Okhredko, O. (2018). Obrazovanie v Krymu: militarizatsiya po gendernomu priznaku [Education in Crimea: Gender-Based Militarization]. URL: https://ru.krymr.com/a/29071387.html [in Russian]
Otchet o provedenii v Krymu sportivnogo prazdnika, posvyashchennogo XXIV godovshchine sozdaniya spetsialnogo podrazdeleniya MVD “Berkut” [Report on the sports festival in Crimea dedicated to the XXIV anniversary of the Ministry of Internal Affairs special unit “Berkut” creation] (2016). URL: http://asvityazi.ru/?p=4967 [in Russian]
Prikaz o provedenii igry “Pobeda” v Krymu [Order for the game “Victory” conduction in the Crimea] (2016). URL: http://monm.rk.gov.ru/file/pr550-08042016. pdf [in Russian]
Publikatsiya: “V Simferopole startovala aktsiya “Georgievskaya lentochka””. FOTO. [The “St. George Ribbon” campaign is launched in Simferopol. PHOTO] (2016). URL: http://crimea.vgorode.ua/news/sobytyia/257608-v-symferopole-startovala-aktsyia-heorhyevskaia-lentochka-foto [in Russian]
Rezultat rossiyskoy voennoy propagandy v okkupirovannom Sevastopole – 500 shkolnikov vstupili v “Yunarmiyu” [The result of Russian military propaganda in occupied Sevastopol – 500 schoolchildren joined Young Army] (2017). URL: https://flot2017.com/tag/junarmiya/page/3/ [in Russian]
Sayt Yunarmii RF [Young Army website] (2016). URL: http://www.youngarmiya.ru/p/faq.html [in Russian]
Skrypnyk, O., Siedova, I. (Eds.). (2017) Prava cheloveka v usloviyakh militarizatsii Kryma. Informatsionno-analiticheskiy doklad o negativnom vliyanii rossiyskoy militarizatsii na situatsiyu s pravami cheloveka v Avtonomnoy Respublike Krym i gorode Sevastopol (aprel 2014 – may 2017) [Human rights in the militarization of Crimea. Information and analytical report on the negative impact of Russian militarization on the human rights situation in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (April 2014 – May 2017)]. Kyiv, 44 p. [in Russian]
Soobshchenie Minobrazovaniya Kryma o provedenii igry “Zarnitsa” [Report of the Ministry of Education of Crimea on the game “Zarnitsa”] (2016). URL: http://monm.rk.gov.ru/rus/index.htm/news/336476.htm [in Russian]
Soobshchenie o lagere pravoslavnykh razvedchikov v Krymu [Report on the Orthodox Intelligence Camp in Crimea] (2016). URL: https://goo.gl/7DKxRk [in Russian]
Soobshchenie o meropriyatii “Gonka geroev” v Krymu [Report on the event “Race of Heroes” in the Crimea] (2016). URL: http://www.dosaaf.ru/rss/5681-gonka-geroev-crimea [in Russian]
Soobshchenie o pobede v grantovom konkurse gospodderzhki NNO proekta “Park Patriot” [Announcement of the project “Park Patriot” victory in a grant competition for state support to NGOs] (2015). URL: https://grants.oprf.ru/grants 2015-2/winners/rec6294/ [in Russian]
Soobshchenie o spartakiade po voenno-prikladnym vidam sporta [Report on the military-applied sports competition] (2016). URL: http://www.krympatriotcentr.ru/ spartakiada-povoenno-prikladnym-vid-2.html [in Russian]
Stapanov, A. (2010). Marsh v shkolu! Beschislennye voenizirovannye uchebnye zavedeniya stanovyatsya ugrozoy dlya bezopasnosti Rossii [Go to school! Countless paramilitary schools are becoming a threat to Russia's security]. URL: https://versia.ru/beschislennye-voenizirovannye-uchebnye-zavedeniya-stanovyatsya-ugrozoj-dlya-bezopasnosti-rossii [in Russian]
Statya: “V Krymu proshla voenno-patrioticheskaya sportivnaya estafeta” [Military-patriotic sports relay race held in Crimea] (2016). URL: http://rsva-crimea.ru/main/112-vkrymu-sovmestno-s-soyuzom-desantnikov-rossii-proshla-voenno-patrioticheskaya-sportivnaya-estafeta.html [in Russian]
Strategiya razvitiya vospitaniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2025 goda [The development strategy of education in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025] (2015). URL: https://rg.ru/2015/06/08/vospitanie-dok.html [in Russian]
Tenevoy doklad k VIII periodicheskomu dokladu Rossiyskoy Federatsii ob implementatsii Mezhdunarodnogo pakta o grazhdanskikh i politicheskikh pravakh v chasti primenenii Pakta v Avtonomnoy Respublike Krym i goroda Sevastopol [Shadow report on the VIII periodic report of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights regarding the application of the Covenant in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol] (2019). URL: https://helsinki.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ CCPR_RF_Shadow-Report-_rus_final.pdf [in Russian]
Ustav organizatsii “Assotsiatsiya Vityazey” [Charter of the “Association of Heroes” organization] (1992). URL: http://asvityazi.ru/?pageid=21 [in Russian]
Ustav Rosvoentsentra [Charter of the Russian Military Center] (1997). URL: http://www.rosvoencentr-rf.ru/o-rosvoentsentre/ustav/reshenie-ustav.php [in Russian]
V krymskiy patrioticheskiy lager priekhali deti iz Donbassa, Sirii i Pridnestrovya [Children from Donbass, Syria and Transnistria came to the Crimean patriotic camp] (2015). URL: https://simferopol.bezformata.com/listnews/deti-iz-donbassa-sirii-i-pridnestrovya/35268897/ [in Russian]
Video: Natalya Poklonskaya posvyatila shkolnikov v “Malenkie zashchitniki Rossii” [Video: Natalia Poklonskaya dedicated schoolchildren into Little Defenders of Russia] (2016). URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1AsS0xRYzbE [in Russian]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
