A SHORT-BARRELLED WROUGHT IRON FIREARM OF THE END OF THE XIVTH – BEGINNING OF THE XVTH CENTURIES IN THE COLLECTION OF LVIV HISTORICAL MUSEUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.19.233814Abstract
The purpose of the research is weapon analysis and refinement of gun attribution from Lviv Historical Museum Collection. The research methodology is based on empirical approaches to historical weapon science, laser scanning method has been used. The source base is the weapon of assets and inventory books of Lviv Historical Museum and Museum of Scientific Society named after T. Shevchenko. The Scientific Novelty. The paper offers a detailed analysis of a short-barrelled wrought iron firearm of the end of the XIVth – beginning of the XVth centuries preserved in the collection of LHM. The history, development and dissemination of this type of guns has been analyzed. Furthermore, the museum history of the gun has been dealt with and its possible provenance has been proposed. The Conclusions. A thorough research of military artifacts of the museum collections enables to expand the horizons of scientific knowledge, open new aspects of the issue. In addition to documental items, the remnants of armed artifacts are considered as important historical source. Nowadays, another important issue is given to the history of guns in the museum collections. Skilled reading of morphology of a barrel is particularly important in the study of a gun. Each saved artillery item has a historical, scientific, cultural, antique and ethnographic value and requires a thorough and comprehensive research. Considering the absence of a documental background, every single gun of that period is invaluable for science. Since the gunpowder implementation for military purposes, the era of experimentational gunsmiths had launched. There were produced extremely large as well as small artillery guns. The original handmade guns differed just in size, weight and caliber from the first artillery systems. On the basis of analysis and comparison of a number of sources and facts, it was suggested that the guns could be manufactured in Belz at the end of the XIVth – beginning of the XVth centuries.
Key words: firearm, the XIVth – the XVth c., Belz, Museum of Scientific Society named after T. Shevchenko, Lviv Historical Museum.
References
Arkhiv Muzeyu pry Instytuti narodoznavstva NAN Ukrayiny, m. Lʹviv. Inventar Muzeyu NTSH. Tom. VII. [AMIE NASU – Archive of the Museum at the Institute of Ethnology of the NAS of Ukraine, Lviv. Inventory of the NTSH Museum. Volume 7]
Dąbrowski, D. & Jusupović, A. (2017). Chronica Galiciano-Voliniana (Chronica Romanoviciana). [Chronic Galician-Voliniana (Chronic Romanoviciana)]. (p. CXXVII). Kraków-Warszawa. [in Polish]
Derzhavnyy arkhiv Lʹvivsʹkoyi oblasti [State Archives of Lviv Region – SALR]
Durdik, J., Mudra, M. & Sada, M. (1977). Alte Handfeuerwaffen [Old handguns]. Praha: Artia Verlag, p. 25. [in Czech]
Hassenstein, W. (1941). Das Feuerwerkbuch von 1420. 600 Jahre Deutsche Pulverwaffen und Büchsenmeisterei. Neudruck des Erstdruckes aus dem Jahre 1529, München, Verlag der Deutschen Technik. p. 250. [in German]
Hrechylo, A. (2004). Herby ta prapory mist i sil Ukrayiny I. [Coats of arms and flags of Ukrainian cities and villages І]. (p. 28). Lʹviv: Drukarsʹki kunshty. [in Ukrainian]
Hrechylo, A. (1998) Ukrayinsʹka misʹka heralʹdyka. [Ukrainian City Heraldry]. (pp. 35 51). Kyiv-Lʹviv: UHT. [in Ukrainian]
Karman, U. (2006) Istoriya ognestrel'nogo oruzhiya. S drevneyshikh vremen do XX veka. [A History of Firearms. From ancient times to the XX century]. (pp. 135–147). Moskva. [in Russian]
Kirpichnikov, A. (1976). Voyennoye delo na Rusu v XIII – XV vv [Warfare in Rus in the XIII – XV centuries]. (pp. 67–75). Leningrad. [in Russian]
Kirpichnikov, A. (1959). Opisnaya kniga pushek i pishchaley kak istochnik po istorii srednevekovoy russkoy artillerii. [A descriptive book of guns and beeps as a source on the history of medieval Russian artillery]. Sbornik issledovaniy i materialov Artilleriyskogo istoricheskogo muzeya, IV, 265–329. [in Russian]
Knysh, YA. (2004). Osnovni periody istoriyi Belza. [Major periods of Belz] Major periods of Belz, Belz and Belz history. Naukovyy zbirnyk, 1, 66–72. [in Ukrainian]
Kozytsʹkyy, A. (2014). Narysy viysʹkovoyi istoriyi Lʹvova XIII – XVIII st. Leopolis Militans, [Essays on Military History of Lviv of the XIII – XVIII Centuries. Leopolis Militans]. (pp. 22–38). Lʹviv: Apriori. [in Ukrainian]
Krypʺyakevych, I., Hnatevych, B. & Stefaniv, Z. (1992). Istoriya ukrayinsʹkoho viysʹka (vid knyazhykh chasiv do 20 –kh rokiv XX st.), [History of the Ukrainian army (from princely times to the 1920s)]. 4th ed., (ed. D. S. Karpyn). (pp. 145–153). Lʹviv. [in Ukrainian]
Lʹvivsʹkyy istorychnyy muzey. Fondova hrupa “Zbroya”. Harmata, inv. № Z 2838. [LHM – Lviv History Museum. Weapons Stock Group. Cannon Inv. No. Z 2838]
Malʹchenko, O. (2005). Artyleriya na ukrayinsʹkykh zemlyakh u XIV – XV stolittyakh. [Artillery on Ukrainian lands in the XIV – XV centuries]. (pp. 66–80). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]
Malʹchenko, O. (2011). Ukrayinsʹki harmaty v zarubizhnykh muzeynykh kolektsiyakh. Chastyna persha [Ukrainian guns in foreign museum collections. Part One]. (p. 34). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]
Malʹchenko, O. (2016). Zyomni porokhovi kamery: morfolohiya i praktychne vykorystannya. [Removable powder chambers: morphology and practical use] Naukovi pratsi Istorychnoho universytetu Zaporizʹkoho natsionalʹnoho universytetu, 45 (1), 27–43. [in Ukrainian]
Markevich, V. (1994). Ruchnoye ognestrel'noye oruzhiye [Handguns]. (pp. 55–60). Sankt-Peterburg. [in Russian]
Omelʹchuk, B. (2010). Orhanizatsiya oborony mist Rusʹkoho i Belzʹkoho voyevodstv na “Tatarsʹkykh shlyakhakh” u druhiy polovyni XV – XVI st. [Organization of the defense of the cities of the Ruthenian and Belz Voivodeship on the Tatar Way in the second half of the XV – XVI st.]. Mandrivetsʹ, 1, 15–23. [in Ukrainian]
Petehyrych, V. (2004). Pro chas vynyknennya Belza [About the time of Belz]. Belz ta Belzʹka zemlya. Naukovyy zbirnyk, 1, 18–23. [in Ukrainian]
Petryk, N. (2015). Pamʺyatky ozbroyennya u fondakh Muzeyu Naukovoho Tovarystva imeni Shevchenka (NTSH) u Lʹvovi. [Arms at the Shevchenko Museum of Science in Lviv]. Arkheolohiya & Fortyfikatsiya Ukrayiny. Zbirnyk materialiv V Vseukrayinsʹkoyi naukovo-praktychnoyi konferentsiyi. (pp. 259–263). Kamʼyanetsʹ-Podilskyy. [in Ukrainian]
Pohoralʹsʹkyy, Ya. (2004). Formuvannya terytoriyi ta kordony Belzʹkoho knyazivstva. [Formation of territory and borders of the Principality of Belz]. Belz ta Belzʹka zemlya. Naukovyy zbirnyk, 1, 60–65. [in Ukrainian]
Slobodyan, V. (2006). Istoriya belzʹkykh kosteliv [History of Belz churches]. Belz ta Belzʹka zemlya. Naukovyy zbirnyk, 2, 176–185. [in Ukrainian]
Strzyż, P. (2014). Broń palna w Europie Środkowej w XIV – XV w. [Firearms in Central Europe in the XIV – XV c.]. (pp. 29–30; 281). Łódź: IAE PAN. [in Polish]
Tersʹkyy, S. (2004). Arkheolohichni materialy z Belza u fondakh Lʹvivsʹkoho istorychnoho muzeyu z nadkhodzhenʹ do 1940 roku. [Archaeological materials from Belz in the collections of the Lviv Historical Museum from the revenues up to 1940]. Belz ta Belzʹka zemlya. Naukovyy zbirnyk, 1, 24–27. [in Ukrainian]
Tkachuk, P., Kharuk, A. & Verkhoturova, M. (2020) Production of artillery in lviv in the XV – XVIII cn. and participation of the Ukrainians. Pages of history. Collection of scientific works, 50, 9–23. DOI: 10.20535/2307-5244.50.2020.210117. [in English]
Trubnikov, B. (1998) Opredelitel' oruzhiya i vooruzheniya [The determinant of weapons and armaments]. (p. 695). Moskva. [in Russian]
Varentsov, S., Svetlosanov, B., Ageyev, A. & Ustinov, Ye. (1959) Istoriya otechestvennoy artilerii. Tom Í. Kniga Í [History of domestic artillery. Volume I. Book I.]. (pp. 91–96). Moskva. [in Russian]
Vilinbakhov, V. & Kirpichnikov, A. (1958). K voprosu o poyavlenii ognestrel'nogo oruzhiya na Rusi [On the issue of the appearance of firearms in Rus]. Sbornik issledovaniy i materialov Artilleriyskogo istoricheskogo muzeya, ÍÍÍ, 249–250. [in Russian]
Zhuk, A. (1992). Strelkovoye oruzhiye. Revol'very, pistolety, vintovki, pistolety-pulemety, avtomaty [Small Arms. Revolvers, pistols, rifles, submachine guns, machine guns]. (pp. 453–463). Moskva. [in Russian]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
