THE ANCIENT RZECZPOSPOLITA HIGHEST JUDICIAL BODIES IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM OF THE ROYAL ESTATES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAMBIR ECONOMY OF THE XVIth – XVIIIth CENTURIES)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.18.226544Abstract
The purpose of the research is to characterize the justice model’s functioning at the highest levels of the judicial bodies in the Ancient Rzeczpospolita in the context of everyday legal practice in the royal estates (in particular, Sambir economy). The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, scientificity, verification, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the Ancient Rzeczpospolita highest judicial bodies activity was revealed through the prism of everyday practices in the field of a separate administrative and economic object’s justice system, in this case – Sambir economy, part of the royal estates of the Ancient Rzeczpospolita. The Conclusions. The royal estates’ population and administration (in particular, the Sambir economy) used the courts of higher instance actively, appealing to them directly, or appealing against the decisions of the local courts. The most popular was the Crown Court of Referendum, less often people turned to the Crown Court of Assessors. Some issues could be considered by the field commissions set up by the King’s order in order to consider certain issues. Finally, the ‘Grodzki’ courts (Sąd Grodzki) of Przemyśl Land, Lublin Crown Tribunal, and Radom Tribunal were involved in resolving the controversial cases. disputes. The practice of appeals to these courts was created at the turn of the XVIth – XVIIth centuries, but for a long time it remained disordered and uncoordinated. The Crown Treasury Commission was established in the XVIIIth century and took control over appeals to various courts.
Key words: justice, court system, the Referendum Court, the Assessors Court, the Crown Treasury Commission, Sambir economy.
References
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych [CAHR – The Central Archives of Historical Records]
Baranowski, I. T. (1909). Sądy Referendarsie [Referendary court]. Przegląd Historyczny, 9(1), 82–96. [in Polish]
Bednaruk, W. (2008). Trybunał Koronny: szlachecki sąd najwyższy w latach 1578 – 1794. [Crown Tribunal: the highest nobility court in the years 1578 – 1794]. Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, 330 p. [in Polish]
Dörflerówna, A. (comps.) (1936). Materiały do Historji miasta Sambora 1390 – 1795. [Materials for the history of the city of Sambir 1390 – 1795]. Lwów: Wyd-wo Towarzystwa Naukowego we Lwowie, 238 p. [in Polish and Latin]
Horn, M. (1976). Wałka chłopów czerwonoruskich z wyzyskiem feudalnym w latach 1600 – 1648. [The roller Red Ruthenian peasants with feudal exploitation in the years 1600 – 1648]. T. 2. Opole: WSP, 1976. 203 p. [in Polish]
Hrushevskyi, M. (1994). Istoriia Ukrainy-Rusy [History of Ukraine-Rus¬¬’] (in 11 vol., Vol. 5). Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 687 p. [in Ukrainian]
Inkin, V.F. (1963). Особенности социальной борьбы королевских крестьян в Галичине XVIII в. [features of the social struggle of the royal peasants in Galicia in the 18th century]. Ежегодник по аграрной истории Восточной Европы.1961 г. – Yearbook on agrarian history of Eastern Europe. 1961. Рига: Издательство АН Латвийской ССР, 345–356. [in Russian]
Keckowa, A. & Pałucki W. (Comps). (1955). Księgi Referendarii Koronnej z drugiej połowy XVIII wieku [Crown referendary books from the second half of the 18th century]. Vol. 1, Warszawa, 663 p. [in Polish]
Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie [NMK – National museum in Krakow ]
Naukova biblioteka Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka. Viddil rukopysnykh, starodrukovanykh ta ridkisnykh knyh im. F. P. Maksymenka [SLLNU–SMHPDRB – Scientific Library of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. The F.P. Maximenko Sector of Manuscript, Hand Press Druck and Rare Books]
Rafacz, J. (1925). Dawny proces polski [Former Polich lawsuit]. Warszawa: Nakł. Tow-wa nauk. Warszaw, 131 p. [in Polish]
Rafacz, J. (1948). Sąd referendarski Koronny. Z dziejów obrony prawnej chłopów w Dawnej Polsce. [Referendary court. From the history of the legal defense of peasants in former Poland]. Poznań: Nakładem Poznańskiego Towarzystwa przyjacół nauk, 124 p. [in Polish]
Smutok, I. & Kolomoiets, T. (2019). The Judicial system in King board manors of Rus Voyevodstvo in the XVIth – XVIIIth centuries. Skhidnoievropeiskyi istorychnyi visnyk [East European Historical Bulletin], 11, 29–38. doi: 10.24919/2519-058x.11.170698 [in English]
Smutok, І. & Smutok, L. (2019). Dokumenty do istorii Sambirskoi ekonomii u peremyshlskykh hrodskykh i zemskykh aktakh [Documents on the history of Sambor’s economy in the Peremyshl administrative and nonilitys elective courts] Drohobytskyi kraieznavchyi zbirnyk, XXI, 441–448. [in Ukrainian]
Stańczak, Ed. (1973). Kamera saska za czasów Augusta III [Saxon treasury for the reign of August III]. Warszawa: PWN, 221 p. [in Polish]
Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi archiv Ukrainy, m. Lviv. [CSHAUL – Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, Lviv]
Woźniakowa, M. (Comps). (1969). Księgi Referendarii Koronnej z czasów saskich, Sumariusz. [Crown referendary books from the Saxon times, Sumary]. Vol. 1. Warszawa. 279 p. [in Polish]
Woźniakowa, M. (comps). (1970). Księgi Referendarii Koronnej z czasów saskich, Sumariusz. [Crown referendary books from the Saxon times, Sumary]. Vol. 2. Warszawa. 479 p. [in Polish]
Wożniakowa, M. (1990). Sąd asesorski koronny 1537 – 1795. Jego organizacja, funkcjonowanie i rola w dziejach prawa chełmińskiego i magdeburskiego. [Crown assessor court 1537 – 1795. Its organization, functioning and role in the history od Chelm and Magdeburg law].Warszawa, 432 p. [in Polish]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
