“THE MEMORIAL” OF PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS OF BIBRKA COUNTY OF THE KINGDOM OF GALICIA AND LODOMERIA (1891) AS A HISTORICAL AND LEGAL SOURCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.16.211182Keywords:
“The Memorial” of public schools teachers of Bibrka school district, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, State School Council, financial situation of teachers.Abstract
The purpose of the article is to publish and analyze “The Memorial” of public schools teachers of Bibrka school district (1891) as the source for the history of schooling in Galicia and the socio-legal culture of teachers at the end of the ХІХth century. The research methodology – principles of scientific, objectivity, historicism, methods of external and internal critique of sources. The research novelty is that “The Memorial” of public schools teachers of Bibrka school district (1891) was first published and analyzed as a historical and legal source. The Conclusions. Thus, the analyzed “The Memorial” is an extremely interesting historical source, which reveals the level of a social, professional and group activity and solidarity of teachers in the small county of Galicia at the end of the ХІХth century. The project elaborated by them, despite the completely uncalculated costs for its implementation, deserves attention, primarily, to the principles that teachers proposed to base the system of “advance”: linking the amount of salary (the transition from a lower to higher salary) to the personal success of a teacher, his qualification, experience. At the same time, “The Memorial” testified to the existence of a certain civil position of teachers, who, although timidly, protested against the unsatisfactory social situation, injustices in the provision of a post (the right to “presents”, the arbitrariness of officials), holding posts by unskilled and casual people in a pedagogical profession; the authors of 1The Memorial” emphasized the negative effects of the protection mechanism (indirectly pointing at corruption in this regard) on the morality of teachers and the quality of education, and etc. It should be noted that the document was signed by both Polish and Ukrainian teachers, who pushed aside their interethnic contradictions in the field of defending the interests of their own professional group. The document is a clear proof of the growth of a legal and social culture of “folk teachers”, who gradually became aware of their social importance and dared to take on the role of an active subject in solving the most painful problems of an educational life. The document is published in the original language (Polish) in compliance with the necessary archaeographic requirements.
References
Baik, L. & Mitiurov, B. (1965). Stan narodnoi osvity i pedahohichnoi dumky na zakhidnoukrainskykh zemliakh v period panuvannia Avstro-uhorskoi monarkhii [The state of public education and pedagogical thought in Western Ukraine during the reign of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy]. Drohobych, 60 p. [in Ukrainian]
Baranowski, B. (1910). Szkolnictwo ludowe w Galicyi w swym rozwoju liczebnym od r. 1868 do r. 1909 [The public education in Halychyna in its numerical development from 1868 to 1909]. Lwów, 47 p. [in Polish]
Baranowski, M. (1896). Pogląd historyczny na zmiany w ustroju szkół ludowych w Galicji po roku 1772 [Historical view on changes in the system of folk schools in Halychyna after 1772]. Rodzina i Szkoła, 18, 420–428. [in Polish]
Blahyi, V. (1999). Shkilnytstvo v Halychyni na poch. XX st.: istoryko-sotsiolohichnyi aspekt [Schooling in Halychyna at the beginning of the XXth century: historical and sociological aspect]. Lviv, 75 p. [in Ukrainian]
Fiutowski, T. (1913). Szkolnictwo ludowe w Galicyi w dobie porozbiorowej [The public education in Galicia during the post-partition era]. Lwów, 80 p. [in Polish]
Franko, I. (1986a). Nashi narodni shkoly i yikh potreby [Our public schools and their needs]. Franko I. Zibrannia tvoriv. U 50 t. (T. 46, Kn. 2, pp. 108–115). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]
Franko, I. (1986b). Shcho koshtuiut nashi narodni shkoly? [What are our public schools worth?]. Franko I. Zibrannia tvoriv. U 50 t. (T. 44, Kn. 1, rr. 145–150). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian]
Fylypchak, I. (2009). Z istorii shkilnytstva na zakhidnii Boikivshchyni (vid 1772 – 1930) [From the history of schooling in Western Boykivshchyna (from 1772 – 1930)]. Litopys Boikivshchyny. Vyp. 1 (Chysla 1, 2 za 1931 – 1933 rr.). Lviv : Kameniar, 65–132. [in Ukrainian]
Haliv, M. (2011). Materialne zabezpechennia silskoho vchytelstva Halychyny u 1867 – 1918 rr. (na prykladi Drohobytskoho povitu) [The financial providing of rural teachers of Halychyna during 1867 – 1918 (based on Drohobych district)]. Problemy humanitarnykh nauk. Vypusk 28. Istoriia, 47–63. [in Ukrainian]
Kravchenko, U. (1975). Spohady uchytelky [Memoirs of a teacher]. Uliana Kravchenko. Tvory. Povne vydannia (u 100-richchia zhinochoho rukhu) (pp. 553–639). Toronto. [in Ukrainian]
Lozynskyi, M. (1906). Ukrainska shkola v Halychyni [Ukrainian school in Halychyna]. Nova hromada, 10, 96–112; 11, 51–71. [in Ukrainian]
Mayer, Z. (1899). Z krainy nędzy. Stanowisko nauczуciela ludowego w stosunku do naszego spoleczeństwa [From the land of poverty. The public teacher’s position in relation to our society]. Nowy Sącz, 86 p. [in Polish]
Petriv, R. (2002). Realizatsiia natsionalnoi idei ukraintsiv Skhidnoi Halychyny v rozvytkovi ukrainskoho shkilnytstva (1772 – 1916) [Realization of the national idea of the Ukrainians of Eastern Halychyna in the development of Ukrainian schooling (1772 – 1916)]. Boikivshchyna. T. 1. Drohobych, 152–159. [in Ukrainian]
Rzemieniuk, F. (1891). Unickie szkoły początkowe w Królestwie Polskim і w Galicji 1772 – 1914 [Uniate elementary schools in the Kingdom of Poland and in Halychyna 1772 – 1914]. Lublin: Tow-wo Nauk. KUL, 348 р. [in Polish]
Schmitt, H. (1874). Szkoły ludowe w Galicyi w roku 1873/74 [The people’s schools in Halychyna in 1873/74]. Szkoła, 46, 427–429; 47, 439–442; 48, 453–454; 49, 457–459; 50, 469–470; 51, 477–481; 52, 489–492. [in Polish]
Sholohon, L. (2004). Stan ukrainskoi pochatkovoi ta serednoi osvity v Halychyni (druha polovyna XIX – pochatok XX st.) [The Ukrainian primary and secondary education in Halychyna (the second half of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth century)]. Halychyna. Naukovyi i kulturno-prosvitnii kraieznavchyi chasopys, 10, 87–92. [in Ukrainian]
Stuparyk, B. (1994). Shkilnytstvo Halychyny (1772 – 1939) [Schooling in Halychyna (1772 – 1939)].Ivano-Frankivsk, 144 p. [in Ukrainian]
Stynska, V. V. (2004). Systema shkilnytstva v Halychyni (kinets XIX – pochatok XX st.) [The system of schooling in Halychyna (the end of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth century)]. (Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Ivano-Frankivsk, 20 p. [in Ukrainian]
Szematyzm. (1891). Szematyzm Królestwa Galicyi і Lodomeryi z wielkiem księstwem krakowskiem na rok 1891 [Shematism of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomerya with the Grand Duchy of Kraków of 1891]. Lwów: Nakł. Galic. c.k. Namiestnictwa, 976 + XVIII p. [in Polish]
Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv Ukrainy, m. Lviv [Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Lviv – CSHAUL]
Varianytsa, A. O. (2018). Uchyteli narodnykh shkil Halychyny druhoi polovyny 19 – pochatku 20 stolittia [Elementary School Teachers in Galicia in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries]. (Candidate’s thesis). Lviv, 316 р. [in Ukrainian]
Vorobkevych, T. & Vorobkevych, A. (2007). Pryvatni shchodennyky pro zhyttia ukrainskoho vchytelstva Halychyny kintsia XIX – pershoi polovyny XX st. [Private diaries about the life of Ukrainian teachers in Halychyna at the end of the XIXth – the first half of the XXth century]. Buttia v mystetstvi: zbirnyk naukovykh prats i materialiv na poshanu Stepana Kostiuka z nahody 80-richchia (pp. 141–150). Lviv. [in Ukrainian]
