GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT AS A SCIENCE IN UKRAINE IN THE XIXth – DURING THE 30-ies OF THE XXth century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.16.210908Keywords:
higher education, scientific research, Physiology, Medicine, labor protection, Biophysics, nervous system, Endocrinology, humanAbstract
The purpose of the article is to highlight the General Physiology development main periods and tendencies in Ukraine, summarizing the regional research and educational centers’ achievements, as well as making conclusions on individual scientists’ achievements in the XIXth – the 30-ies of the XXth century on the world biological thought development background. The methodology of the research is based on the general scientific principles of objectivity, systematicity, complexity and scientificity. The author used the general scientific, interdisciplinary and special historical methods. The article is based on the factual material, archival documents that reveal basic physiological sciences and theories evolution, the organization of specialized departments and laboratories at higher educational institutions and research institutions of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the article is that the author for the first time has demonstrated the regional scientific and educational centers’ formation peculiarities, their personalized composition and contribution to the basics of a human and animal physiology development. The Conclusions. It was proved that the world biological thought development had a significant influence on the General Physiology development systematic research in the Ukrainian lands. Several periods of the Domestic Physiology scientific foundations formation and development have been singled out. The first Physiological Departments were established within the Natural Sciences and Medical Faculties of universities during 1805 – 1861. During 1861 – 1917 the Physiology Departments were organized at the veterinary and agricultural institutes. Numerous scientists have made a significant contribution to the physiological research deployment in Ukraine, for instance, B. F. Verigo, V. Ya. Danylevskyi, I. M. Syechenov, V. Yu. Chahovets, I. P. Shchelkov. The number of Physiology Departments at the universities and at the pedagogical, agricultural, veterinary, zootechnical institutes increased dramatically during the 1920-ies and 1930-ies. Furthermore, Physiology Independent Research Institutes and Physiological Departments at some institutions were created. The scientific directions, which were subject to the most detailed processing, were revealed, for instance, Nerve and Muscle Physiology, Electrophysiology and Biophysics, Comparative Physiology of Aging, Endocrinology and Physiology of Work. The decisive contribution to their development has been made by V. M. Arkhanhelskyi, V. M. Vasylevskyi, A. M. Vorobyov, D. S. Voroncova, T. T. Huryeyeva, V. Ya. Danylevskyi, A. I. Yemchenko, E. M. Kogan, P. H. Kostyuk, H. P. Markelov, V. P. Prototypova, M. O. Rohovych, I. M. Sechenov, P. M. Syerkov, E. I. Synelnykov, Ya. P. Sklyarova, R. Yo. Feitelberg, G. W. J. Volborth, S. Yu. Yaroslava and others.
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