AWAKENING OF NON–TITULAR NATIONS AS A FACTOR OF THE BREAKUP OF EMPIRES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE HABSBURG MONARCHY)

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to show the influence of the national awakening of non-titular ethnic groups in the Habsburg monarchy on the development of disintegration processes in the state. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of historicism, systemicity, author's objectivity, as well as on the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-system) methods. The scientific novelty consists in a comprehensive study of the main factors influencing the process of national-state revival of non-titular peoples of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This is, in particular, the study of the impact on the processes of national consolidation of the territorial-political organization of the monarchy, locally-provincial or land-regional representative institutions, the place and social significance of the national elite of the non-titular peoples of the Habsburg monarchy in the formation of a national idea. The Conclusions. The authors are convinced that, being a random creation of history, the Habsburg monarchy for a long time combined the spiritual and cultural potential of the peoples of the empire with the political practice of the Austrian ruling dynasty. However, even taking into account the authority of the Danube monarchy as a factor in the multi-ethnic composition of the population, which had a beneficial effect on the development of the national culture of the Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, Poles, Ukrainians, Croats and other ethnic groups, which, at the same time, became the basis for the formation of national-state formations of non-titular peoples of the empire , was unable to stop the process of disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the final phase of the World War I.