ANTAGONIST TENDENCIES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLERGY AND THE UKRAINIAN PEASANTS in the XIX – beginning of the XX century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.10.159176Keywords:
peasantry, religion, church, antagonism, community, national identity, sectarianismAbstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze the causes and consequences of antagonistic sentiment of the Ukrainian peasantry towards the clergy in the XIXth – early XXth century. The research methodology covers the main principles of systemic, scientific, historicism, as well as the use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison. The scientific novelty of the work is that the author, using previously unused archival, periodical and personal sources, identified the main causes of the growth of tension and conflict in the relations of the Ukrainian peasantry and the clergy on the territory of Ukraine in the XIXth – early XXth century. Conclusions. Russian imperial power made the church an instrument of russification, the destruction of the national identity of the Ukrainians. Alienation of peasants from the church was facilitated by the factors of their economic oppression by the priests, a full control of the rural clergy for the interests of the landlords, anti-social behavior of the priests. In addition, the fall of the authority of the church was facilitated by the agrarian reform, the capitalization of social relations, the emergence of religious desidens. The peasantry perceived the representatives of the church hierarchy rather critical and even more hostile. But the peasant folk religion kept its identity against the pressure of state-religious institutions.
References
Baran V. P. (ed.) (1988). Selianskyi rukh na Ukraini 1850 – 1860 rr. Zbirnyk dokumentiv i materialiv [Peasant movement in Ukraine in 1850 – 1860. Collection of documents and materials]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 447 р. [in Ukrainian].
Chervona Rus [Red Rus’], (1888), 15 bereznia. [in Ukrainian].
Holysh, H. M., Lysytsia L. H. (2018). Selianstvo Zolotoniskoho povitu v dobu revoliutsiinykh potriasin pochatku XX st.: povsiakdennist ta borotba za zemliu i voliu. [The peasantry of Zolotonossk county in the age of revolutionary upheavals at the beginning of the 20th century: everyday life and struggle for land and freedom], Ukrainskyi selianyn, 19, 28–31. doi: 10.31651/2413-8142-2018-19-28-31 [in Ukrainian].
Khytrovska, Yu. V. (2013). Vidchuzhennia ukrainskoho pravoberezhnoho selianstva vid pravoslavnoi tserkvy u pershii polovyni XIX st. [Alienation of the Ukrainian right-bank peasantry from the Orthodox Church in the first half of the XIX century]. Storinky istorii, 35, 22–28 [in Ukrainian].
Kravets, M. M. (1964). Selianstvo Skhidnoi Halychyny i Pivnichnoi Bukovyny u druhii polovyni XIX st. [Peasantry of Eastern Galicia and Northern Bukovina in the second half of the XIX century]. Lviv: Vydavnytstvo Lvivskoho universytetu, 237 р. [in Ukrainian].
Kryzhanovska, O. (2008). Pomishchytski seliany Pravoberezhnoi Ukrainy u 30–50 rr. XIX st. [Landowner peasants of the Right-Bank Ukraine in the 30–50 years of the XIX century]. Kyiv: NAN, Instytut istorii Ukrainy, 184 р. [in Ukrainian].
Mesha, V. H. (2008). Pravoslavna tserkva i selianstvo v Ukraini ostannoi chverti XIX stolittia [The Orthodox Church and the peasantry in Ukraine in the last quarter of the nineteenth century]. Ukrainskyi selianyn, 11, 173–176. [in Ukrainian].
Nazvanyia: pastyr, sviashchenyk, pop. Rukovodstvo dlia selskykh pastyrei [Rural Priests Guide], 7 (1860), 170–171. [in Russian].
O prymenenyy narodnoho yazyka. Rukovodstvo dlia selskykh pastyrei [Rural Shepherds Guide], 6 (1865), 126. [in Russian].
Ohloblin, O. (1951). Do istorii ukrainskoho dukhovenstva na Hetmanshchyni 18 st [Before the history of Ukrainian clergy in Hetmanshchyna 18 cent.]. Niu York: Bohoslov, 178 р. [in Ukrainian].
Pototskyi, V. P. (2004). Relihiine sektantstvo v Kharkivskii hubernii (1861 – 1917 rr.) [Religious sectarianism in the Kharkiv province of 1861 – 1917]. (Extended abstract of Candidate’s thesis). Kharkiv, 19 р. [in Ukrainian].
Stepovyk, D. (2016). Tserkva i ukrainske suspilstvo u XIX st. Borotba ukrainskykh khrystyian za samobutnist [Church and Ukrainian society in the XIX century. The struggle of Ukrainian Christians for their identity]. Kyiv: Dnipro, 133 р. [in Ukrainian].
Tsentralnyi Derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv Ukrainy, m. Lviv [Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Lviv – CSHAUL].
Verkhovtseva, I. H. (2018). Povstali hromady: samovriaduvannia selian u Rosiiskii imperii v umovakh suspilno-politychnykh potriasin pochatku XX st. [Revolting communities: self-government of peasants in the Russian Empire under conditions of socio-political upheavals at the beginning of the twentieth century]. Ukrainskyi selianyn, 19, 18–27. doi: 10.31651/2413-8142-2018-19-18-27 [in Ukrainian].
Zaiarniuk, A. (2007). Vyzvolni proekty i halytske selo u seredyni XIX st. [Liberation projects and Galician village in the middle of the XIX century]. Kyiv: Krytyka, 335 р. [in Ukrainian].
