THE TATAR RAID INTO LVIV LAND IN 1629
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.39.364983Abstract
In the article there has been conducted a detailed analysis and reconstruction of the events of the last large-scale Tatar raid into Lviv Land in the first third of the 17th century, which took place in September – October 1629. The purpose of the research is to carry out an historical reconstruction of the 1629 Tatar raid on the Lviv Land based on a comprehensive analysis of Lviv Grodsky Court records, to determine the geography of the raid's spread, and to study the scale of the socio-economic damage caused. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of scientific criticism and historicism, as well as on the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specialized historical (historical typological, historical systemic, quantitative, microhistorical) methods. The scientific novelty consits in the identification of the settlements of Lviv Land destroyed and affected by the Tatar attack of 1629, and the calculation of the scale of the damage based on a massive array of previously little-studied act materials from Lviv Grodsky Court. Conclusions. The Tatar raid of 1629 is considered not only as a military operation but as a profound destabilizing factor that caused long-term changes in the socio-economic and demographic landscape of the region. In the study there has been reconstructed the chronology and geography of the advancement of the Tatar detachments numbering 7–8 thousand warriors under the command of Devlet Giray and Kantemir Murza. It has been determined that due to a high mobility and the lack of effective counteraction by the Crown troops, the Horde managed to encircle Lviv in a semi-circle, devastating settlements from the towns of Yavoriv and Horodok in the west to Zolochiv and Kozova in the east. The chief focus has been on the strategy of the invaders, which was aimed at capturing human resources (yasyr) and the purposeful destruction of infrastructure to undermine the economic potential of the region. In the study there has been put a particular emphasis on studying the source potential of Lviv Grodsky Court acts (oaths (juramentum), reports (relations) and manifestations). It has been calculated that even two years after the raid, the amount of tax shortfall was 41% for the rural areas and 27,7% for the towns, while the process of farm reconstruction in many cases lasted for over decades.
Keywords: Tatar raids, Tatars, Lviv Land, destructions, oaths.
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