ORGANIZATION OF AID TO SUFFERERS FROM THE HOLODOMOR BY UKRAINIANS FROM ZAKERZONNIA IN UKRAINE, IN 1932 – 1933
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.39.364976Abstract
The purpose of the research is to search for intentions and deeds that testified to the human compassion and mercy of the Ukrainian diaspora of Zakerzonnia towards the population of the Ukrainian SSR, which found itself on the verge of life and death. Research Methodology. The research has been carried out on the basis of the approaches of objectivity, comprehensiveness, systematicity, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization), historical methods (comparative, source analysis), as well as the methodology of cultural and social anthropology (functional and structural methods). The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that for the first time, based on archival materials, the main decisions and results of aid actions of the Ukrainian political, public, and religious organizations of Zakerzonnia aimed at informing, mass public events, and raising funds to help victims of the Holodomor of 1932 – 1933 in the Ukrainian SSR have been comprehensively covered. Conclusions. In 1933 the main vector of the Ukrainian moderate political and religious representation was the dissemination of information to the world community about the artificial Holodomor organized by the Bolsheviks and the implementation of a broad humanitarian campaign to raise funds to support those suffering from the artificial famine. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, in particular the dioceses and parishes in Zakerzonnia and the Central Public Committee for the Salvation of Ukraine, which had representative offices in Lemko region, Posiannia, Lublin region, Chełm region, and Pidliashia regions, joined in the implementation of the support fund establishment. In the autumn of 1933 the main donors of the monetary collection were political, public, and religious figures, as well as collective contributions from communities, parishes, organizations, and monasteries. The Ukrainian community showed examples of humanity, empathy, compassion, and readiness to help a Ukrainian who was in a mortal danger.
Key words: Holodomor, Ukrainian SSR, aid, UGCC, Zakerzonnia, Poland.
References
Andalitska, I. (2023). 12% ukraintsiv “tuzhat” za Radianskym Soiuzom – opytuvannia [12% of Ukrainians “long” for the Soviet Union – poll]. UNIAN. 23 sichnia. URL: https://cutt.ly/YtQyTOFF [in Ukrainian].
Boriak, T. (2021). Pytalnyky pro holod yak dzherelo istorii holodomoroznavchykh studii [Famine Questionnaires as a Source for the History of Famine Studies]. Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V. N. Karazina – Bulletin of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 33, 54–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2227-6505-2021-33-06 [in Ukrainian].
Derzhavnyi arkhiv Volynskoi oblasti [SAVR – State Archives of Volyn Region].
Dokumenty pro dopomohu. (2013). Dokumenty pro dopomohu halychan holoduiuchym ukraintsiam u 1933 rotsi vidteper – u vidkrytomu dostupi [Documents about aid provided by Galicians to starving Ukrainians in 1933 are publicly available]. 7 lystopada 2013 r. URL: https://cutt.ly/NrLT2ov8 [in Ukrainian].
Hontar, M. (2023). Kardynal Rattsinher pro te, chomu zvir maie nomer, a ne im’ia [Cardinal Ratzinger on why the beast has a number, not a name]. Dyvensvit — Divensvit. 19 liutoho. URL: https://cutt.ly/TrLT2mdO [in Ukrainian].
Humennyi, S. (2019). Nelehalni mihratsii na kordoni mizh Respublikoiu Polshcha ta USRR naperedodni ta pid chas holodomoru 1932–1933 rr. [Illegal migration on the border between the Republic of Poland and the Ukrainian SSR on the eve and during the Holodomor of 1932 – 1933]. Visnyk Kyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni Tarasa Shevchenka – Bulletin of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 140, 18–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2019.140. [in Ukrainian].
Kalakura, O. (2008). Trahediia poliakiv USRR u konteksti polityky sutsilnoi kolektyvizatsii ta henotsydu ukrainskoho narodu [The tragedy of the Poles of the Ukrainian SSR in the context of the policy of complete collectivization and genocide of the Ukrainian people]. Naukovi zapysky Instytutu politychnykh i etnonatsionalnykh doslidzhen im. I.F. Kurasa NAN Ukrainy – Scientific notes of the I.F. Kuras Institute of Political and Ethno-National Studies of the NAS of Ukraine, 37, 50–61. URL: https://cutt.ly/BrLT2NEJ [in Ukrainian].
Kravets, D. (2019). Holodomor 1932 – 1933 rr. u zakhidnoukrainskii hromadsko-politychnii dumtsi [The Holodomor of 1932 – 1933 in Western Ukrainian public and political thought]. Studii Holodomoru. Mizhdystsyplinarnyi chasopys – Holodomor Studies. Interdisciplinary Journal, 19 bereznia. URL: https://cutt.ly/VrLT9rz8 [in Ukrainian].
Kuhutiak, M. (1994). Holodomor 1933-ho i Zakhidna Ukraina (trahediia Naddniprianshchyny na tli suspilnykh nastroiv zakhidnoukrainskoi hromadskosti 20–30-kh rokiv) [The Holodomor of 1933 and Western Ukraine (the tragedy of the Dnieper region against the backdrop of the public mood of the Western Ukrainian public in the 1920s and 1930s)]. Ivano-Frankivsk. [in Ukrainian].
Kushnezh, R. (2023). Stavlennia II Rechipospolytoi do poliakiv v USRR u period Holodomoru [The attitude of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth towards Poles in the Ukrainian SSR during the Holodomor]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 5, 69–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2023.05.069 [in Ukrainian].
Kushnezh, R. (2020). Nevidomyi polskyi dokument pro Velykyi holod v Ukraini: zi spohadiv kerivnyka radianskoho viddilu skhidnoho departamentu MZS II Rechipospolytoi Stanislava Zabella [Unknown Polish document about the Great Famine in Ukraine: from the memoirs of Stanisław Zabel, head of the Soviet department of the Eastern Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 6, 36–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2020.06.036 [in Ukrainian].
Nove selo. (1933). Nove selo [New village]. 29 zhovtnia. Lviv. [in Ukrainian].
Papuha, Ya. (2008). Zakhidna Ukraina i Holodomor 1932 – 1933 rokiv: moralno-politychna i materialna dopomoha postrazhdalym [Western Ukraine and the Holodomor of 1932 – 1933: moral, political and material assistance to victims]. Lviv. [in Ukrainian].
Peremyski yeparkhialni vidomosty. (1933). Peremyski yeparkhialni vidomosty [Przemyśl diocesan information], VIII–XI. Serpen-lystopad. Peremyshl. [in Ukrainian].
Podkur, R. (2016). Selianski povstannia pochatku 1930-kh rr. na prykordonni USRR [Peasant uprisings of the early 1930s on the borderlands of the Ukrainian SSR]. Rehionalna istoriia Ukrainy – Regional history of Ukraine, 10, 159–172. URL: https://cutt.ly/wrLT99b4 [in Ukrainian].
Povidomlennia advokata. (1933). Povidomlennia advokata Skrypchuka Vasylia do Hromadskoho komitetu riatunku vid 08.12.1933 roku [Message from a lawyer Vasyl Skrypchuk to the Public Rescue Committee dated 08.12.1933]. Elektronnyi arkhiv ukrainskoho vyzvolnoho rukhu – Electronic archive of the Ukrainian liberation movement. URL: https://cutt.ly/5rLT3kyt [in Ukrainian].
Rublov, O. (2011). “Ukraintsi-katolyky”: fenomen polsko-ukrainskoho porubizhzhia ХІХ – ХХ st. [“Ukrainian Catholics”: a phenomenon of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland of the 19th – 20th centuries]. Problemy istorii Ukrainy: fakty, sudzhennia poshuky – Problems of Ukrainian history: facts, judgments, searches, 20, 77–96. URL: https://cutt.ly/6rLT3ZAU [in Ukrainian].
Stroński, H. (1998). Represje stalinizmu wobec ludności polskiej na Ukrainie w latach 1929 – 1939 [Stalinist repressions against the Polish population in Ukraine in 1929–1939]. Warszawa: Stowarzyszenie “Wspolnota polska”. [in Polish].
Stroński, H. (2000). Ludność polska a Wielki Głód na Ukrainie w latach 1932 – 1933 [The Polish population and the Great Famine in Ukraine in 1932 – 1933]. Polska diaspora na Wschodzie – Polish diaspora in the East, 111–123. [in Polish].
Stronskyi, H. (2017). Polske naselennia USRR v umovakh Holodomoru 1932 – 1933 rr. [The Polish population of the Ukrainian SSR during the Holodomor of 1932–1933]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 4, 95–128. URL: https://cutt.ly/NrLT8gmN [in Ukrainian].
Titova, N. (2008). Do problemy “ukraintsiv-katolykiv” na Podilli u 1920 – 1930-kh rr. [On the problem of “Ukrainian Catholics” in Podillia in the 1920s – 1930s.]. Istoriia Ukrainy: Malovidomi imena, podii, fakty – History of Ukraine: Little-known names, events, facts, 35, 66–86. [in Ukrainian].
Titova, N. (2007). Represii na Podilli 1930-kh rokiv: ukrainska ta polska «linii». Istoriia Ukrainy [Repressions in Podillia in the 1930s: Ukrainian and Polish "lines"]. Istoriia Ukrainy: Malovidomi imena, podii, fakty – History of Ukraine: Little-known names, events, facts, 34, 79–115. URL: https://cutt.ly/XrLT8VNT [in Ukrainian].
Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv Ukrainy, m. Lviv [CSHAUL – Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Lviv].
Ukrainske radianske suspilstvo. (2012). Ukrainske radianske suspilstvo 30-kh rr. XX st.: narysy povsiakdennoho zhyttia [Ukrainian Soviet Society of the 1930s: Essays on Everyday Life]: Kolektyvna monohrafiia / Vidp. red. S. V. Kulchytskyi. Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy. URL: https://cutt.ly/VrLT4pvP [in Ukrainian].
Ukrainskyi holos. (1932). Ukrainskyi holos. [Ukrainian Voice]. 14 serpnia. Peremyshl. [in Ukrainian].
Vronska, T., & Ostashko, T. (2003). Uchast ukrainskykh zarubizhnykh politychnykh ta hromadskykh orhanizatsii v aktsiiakh protestu 30-kh rr. ХХ st. proty holodomoru v USRR [Participation of Ukrainian foreign political and public organizations in protest actions in the 1930s against the famine in the Ukrainian SSR]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 5, 65–81. [in Ukrainian].
Yakubova, L. (2006). Etnichni menshyny v suspilno-politychnomu ta kulturnomu zhytti USRR: 20-i – persha polovyna 30-kh rr. ХХ st. [Ethnic minorities in the socio-political and cultural life of the Ukrainian SSR: the 1920s – first half of the 1930s] Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Yakubova, L. (2024). Instrumentarii Holodomoru u formuvanni masovoi svidomosti totalitarnoi doby (na prykladi hromad etnichnykh menshyn) [The Holodomor Toolkit in the Formation of Mass Consciousness in the Totalitarian Era (on the Example of Ethnic Minority Communities)]. Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 3, 91–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2024.03.091 [in Ukrainian].
Yakubovskyi, I. (2021). The genocide intention in the light of new documents on the Holodomor of 1932 – 1933 in Ukraine. East European historical bulletin, 18, 127–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058X.18.226565 [in English].
Yakubovskyi, I. (2024). Chytaiuchy mizh riadkiv: Holodomor na shpaltakh raionnoi presy Kyivskoi ta Chernihivskoi oblastei u 1932 – 1933 rr. [Reading between the lines: The Holodomor in the columns of the regional press of Kyiv and Chernihiv regions in 1932 – 1933] Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Historical Journal, 2, 157–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/uhj2024.02.157 [in Ukrainian].
Zaretska, T. (2011). Zhyttia poliakiv na seli v umovakh holodu ta represii [Life of Poles in the countryside during famine and repression]. Problemy istorii Ukrainy: Fakty, sudzhennia, poshuky – Problems of Ukrainian History: Facts, Judgments, Searches, 20, 269–282. URL: https://cutt.ly/grLT7rpG [in Ukrainian].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
