OFFICIALS OF THE CHIEF COURTS OF RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE: BETWEEN THE IMPERIAL PRACTICES AND THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN JUDICIAL TRADITION (1797 – 1831)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.17.218206Keywords:
the Russian Empire, Right-Bank Ukraine, chairman and juror (deputy) of the chief court, imperial practice, the Polish nobility, Polish-Lithuanian judicial tradition.Abstract
The purpose of the research is to analyze a social portrait of the corps of officials elected by the local nobility – the chairmen and jurors of the provincial chief courts at the end of the ХVІІІth – the first third of the ХІХth century under conditions of the imperial practices application of finding compromises with the local institutions for the establishment of the Russian power in the region. The research methodology is based on the combination of the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical genetic, historical typological, historical systemic) methods with the principles of historicism, systematics and scientificity. The method of criticism and classification was used during the analysis of the archival materials. The scientific novelty consists in the study of a social portrait of the chairmen and jurors of the chief courts during the process of the relationship formation of the supreme power with the elite of the region, which allows us to understand the importance of the judiciary to ensure the proper functioning of the society. For the first time, the dynamics of personnel changes and biographical data, which illustrate the imperial practices of an indirect management of the judiciary, have been presented. The Conclusions. Trying to find understanding with the local elite, Paul I restored the elements of the Polish-Lithuanian judiciary system. To control the judicial structures, revision and appellate provincial chief courts were established. The evidence of the imperial practices application was the permission given to the nobility to elect a chairman and the jurors (with the consent of the authorities). The local elite needed experienced professionals to ensure the rule of law, and the government, on condition of loyalty, often instructed mayors to act as governors. The officials acted in accordance with the law, seeking to prevent the imbalance of relations between the supreme / local authorities and the nobility and to ensure peace in the region.
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